耿彦飞 龚雨洁

摘要：为进一步了解贵州茶园杂草情况，分别于2020年7、8月在贵州省凤冈县和湄潭县选择8个茶园样地共40个样方展开茶园群落杂草调查，以样线法确定雜草种类，采用双对角线五点取样法记载样方内杂草数量、高度、盖度等数据，并用其计算出危害程度、田间密度、田间均度、田间频度、相对多度。结果表明，凤冈和湄潭茶园共有50科135种杂草，菊科和禾本科杂草最为常见。两地危害程度Ⅲ级的杂草有较大差别，湄潭茶园的Ⅲ级危害杂草分别是普通针毛蕨、杠板归、蕨、垂序商陆、芒、渐尖毛蕨、龙葵、刚莠竹、牛膝;凤冈茶园Ⅲ级危害杂草分别是酸模叶蓼、愉悦蓼、马唐、野茼蒿、尼泊尔蓼、普通针毛蕨、牛筋草、透茎冷水花、钮子瓜;两地茶园样地杂草群落的Jaccard指数为0.43。

关键词：贵州茶园;杂草;凤冈;湄潭

中图分类号：S451  文献标志码：A  文章编号：1003-935X（2021）04-0007-10

Common Weeds and Their Hazards in Tea Gardens in Fenggang and Meitan of Guizhou Province

GENG Yan-fei，GONG Yu-jie

（College of Tea Sciences，Guizhou University，Guiyang 550025，China）

Abstract：To further understand the weeds in tea gardens of Guizhou，we investigated eight tea plantations with the obtained 40 samples in Meitan and Fenggangcounty of Guizhou in July and August，2020. The line transect method was used to determine the weed species and the double diagonal five-point sampling method was used to record the number，height，coverage and other data of various weeds to calculate the damage level，field density，field uniformity，field frequency and relative abundance. A total of 135 species belonging to 50 families of weeds were found in Fenggang and Meitan tea garden，and weeds of Compositae and Gramineae were the most common. There was the bigger difference in the weeds species between Meitan and Fenggang with a damage degree of Ⅲ. Weeds with this damage category in Meitan were Macrothelypteris torresiana，Polygonum perfoliatum，Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum，Phytolacca americana，Miscanthus sinensis，Cyclosorus acuminatus，Solanum nigrum，Microstegium ciliate，and Achyranthes bidentata. Weeds with damage degree of Ⅲ in Fenggang were P. lapathifolium，P. jucundum，Digitaria sanguinalis，Crassocephalum crepidioide，P. nepalens，M. torresiana，Eleusine indica，Pilea pumila，and Zehneria maysorensis. The Jaccard index of weed community in Meitan and Fenggang tea gardens was 0.43.

Key words：Guizhou tea garden;weed;Fenggang;Metitan

收稿日期：2021-06-15

基金项目：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（编号：31900275）;贵州省科学技术基金（编号：黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般091）;贵州大学人才引进项目[编号：贵大人基合字（2018）06]。

作者简介：耿彦飞（1989—），女，山东单县人，博士，副教授，主要从事茶及类茶资源的民族植物学研究。E-mail：yfgeng@gzu.edu.cn。

贵州省位于云贵高原，寡日照、多云雾、高海拔，属亚热带季风气候，具有得天独厚的地理优势，其特殊的地理位置和复杂的生态气候造就出无数的贵州好茶，但同时也给茶园杂草的滋生提供了良好的生长环境，导致杂草的种类十分丰富，难以控制和防除。因此，杂草的防控也成为了一大难题。……