傅贺菁 崔煜婕 黄锦璐

摘 要：应用TDP（Thermal Dissipation Probe）技术测定福建长汀水土流失区生长季马尾松、木荷与枫香的树干液流密度，并利用自动气象站同步记录环境因子，以探讨优势植物的水分生理生态特征及其对环境变化的响应。结果表明，马尾松、木荷与枫香树干液流日动态变化具有相同的昼夜节律性，均呈中午高、早晚低的单峰型变化，木荷液流密度最大;阴雨天树干液流密度明显低于晴天;3种植物的树干液流密度与太阳总辐射强度、风速、空气温度、空气相对湿度及土壤温度等环境因子之间相关性达到极显著水平（P<0.01），而与降雨量相关性不显著（P>0.05）。其中与液流密度相关性最强的是空气相对湿度，其次为空气温度和土壤温度。

关键词：水土流失区;树干液流密度;热扩散探针;环境因子;优势植物

中图分类号：S 718;Q 948  文献标志码：A  文章编号：0253-2301（2021）11-0069-06

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.11.011

Characteristics Analysis of Stem Sap Flow Density of Three Dominant Plantsin Soil Erosion Areas of Changting County

FU He-jing1，2， CUI Yu-jie1，2， HUANG Jin-lu1，2

（1.National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Geography， Fujian Normal University， Fuzhou，

Fujian 350007， China; 2.College of Geographical Science， Fujian Normal University， Fuzhou， Fujian 350007， China）

Abstract： The TDP （Thermal Dissipation Probe） technique was used to determine the sap flow density of Pinus massoniana， Schima superba and Liquidambar formosana in the growing season in the soil erosion area of Changting， Fujian Province， and the environmental factors were simultaneously recorded by using the automatic weather stations， in order to explore the physiological and ecological characteristics of water in the dominant plants and their responses to the environmental changes. The results showed that the diurnal dynamic changes of stem sap flow of Pinus massoniana， Schima superba and Liquidambar formosana had the same circadian rhythm， all showing the unimodal changes of high at noon and low in the morning and evening， and Schima superba had the highest sap flow density. The sap flow density of stems in the rainy days was obviously lower than that in the sunny days. The sap flow densities of the three plants were significantly correlated with the environmental factors such as the total solar radiation intensity， wind speed， air temperature， air relative temperature and soil temperature （P<0.01）， while not with rainfall （P>0.05）. Among them， the air relative humidity had the strongest correlation with the sap flow density， followed by the air temperature and soil temperature.

Key words： Soil erosion area; Stem sap flow density; Thermal dissipation probe; Environmental factors; Dominant plants

馬尾松、木荷与枫香是我国亚热带红壤侵蚀区生态恢复与重建过程中的常见优势植物。福建长汀水土流失区是我国南方较为典型的红壤水土流失区，马尾松、木荷与枫香也成为目前该地区重建植被群落乔木层树种的主要组成部分[1-2]。在生态恢复早期，马尾松以其耐干旱、耐贫瘠等特征成为生态恢复的重要先锋针叶树种，木荷则是较早出现的阳性阔叶树种，枫香虽然在南方侵蚀退化地区具有较好的适应性，但对水肥条件具有相对较高的要求，一般是生态恢复到一定水平后用于改善植被结构的阔叶树种。这3种植物之间对生境条件特别是水分条件的需求具有较大的差异。……