遵义市樱桃园不同土层肥力质量评价
2021-04-19颜雄杨玲李文昭王庆鹤程俊伟
颜雄 杨玲 李文昭 王庆鹤 程俊伟



摘 要:为了解遵义市樱桃园土壤肥力质量的垂直变化规律,分别对健康樱桃园与病害樱桃园(患流胶病)的不同土层即0~10、10~20、20~30 cm的土壤进行分析和评价。结果表明:(1)随着土层的加深,健康和病害樱桃园土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、有效氮、有效磷、有效钾含量均逐渐降低。健康樱桃园土壤pH值随着土层的加深而逐渐降低,病害园则相反。(2)健康和病害樱桃园0~10、10~20、20~30 cm土层的土壤肥力质量均分别为Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级。
关键词:樱桃园;土壤肥力;流胶病;综合评价;遵义市
中图分类号:S 662.5 文献标志码:A 文章编号:0253-2301(2021)11-0087-05
DOI: 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.11.014
Evaluation on Soil Fertility Quality in Different Soil Layers of Cherry Orchards in Zunyi City
YAN Xiong, YANG Ling, LI Wen-zhao*, WANG Qing-he, CHENG Jun-wei
(Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563006, China)
Abstract: In order to understand the vertical change law of soil fertility quality of cherry orchards in Zunyi City, the soil layers of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm in healthy and diseased (suffering from gummosis) cherry orchards were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that: (1) With the deepening of soil layer, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium decreased gradually in both healthy and diseased cherry orchards. The pH value of soil in the healthy cherry orchards decreased gradually with the deepening of soil layer, while the soil pH value in the diseased cherry orchards changed on the contrary. (2) The soil fertility quality of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm soil layers in the healthy and diseased cherry orchards were respectively grade Ⅱ, grade Ⅲ and grade Ⅳ.
Key words: Cherry orchards; Soil fertility; Gummosis; Comprehensive evaluation; Zunyi City
櫻桃是蔷薇科李属的经济作物,因其色泽鲜艳、口感佳、营养元素丰富,备受消费者喜爱,在全国多地广泛栽培。目前遵义市的樱桃种植面积已超过0.2万hm2,但近年来许多樱桃种植园普遍发生了一种严重病害——流胶病。相关研究表明,果树表层土壤肥力与果树抗逆性和病害的发生率密切相关[1]。土壤肥力质量的好坏关系着樱桃树的生长状况和樱桃的品质等。土壤肥力是土壤的本质特征和基本属性,是评价土壤提供给作物生长所需要养分的能力。土壤有机质含量体现供给氮、磷、钾以及微量元素的能力,是反映土壤肥沃性的一个重要指标,有效态营养元素(氮、磷、钾)能够被作物直接吸收利用,是评价土壤肥力质量的指标之一。本研究选取遵义市健康樱桃园(以下简称健康园)和病害樱桃园(以下简称病害园),分析不同垂直深度(0~10、10~20、20~30 cm)土壤的有机质、有效氮、有效磷、有效钾等养分指标,评价土壤肥力质量等级,为培育樱桃土壤肥力及樱桃产业可持续发展提供科学依据。……
