滕英 陈金凤 张宇豪 张雅嫆 唐庆强

摘 要：研究福建省東部代表性区域内农用地镉（Cd）污染现状和发展趋势并进行风险程度分析，以期为福建省东部地区农用地土壤Cd治理和农产品质量安全提供技术支撑。采集福建省东部农用地（水田329个、蔬菜地78个、果园41个、茶园47个）共495个土壤样品，采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中的Cd含量，利用内梅罗污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法等评价方法，对福建省东部代表性区域农用地Cd污染情况进行评价。结果表明： 福建省东部代表区域农用地Cd累积量大，8个区域农用地重金属总Cd平均值分别为0.227、0.167、0.177、0.162、0.128、0.205、0.166、0.249 mg·kg-1，但有效态含量均低于0.080 mg·kg-1，呈轻度污染，能够流入食物链的Cd量较少。由于地区间差异性显著，且单个区域内总Cd和有效Cd含量均呈现上升趋势，生态风险较强。

关键词：土壤;重金属;镉;污染状况调查;风险评价

中图分类号：X 53   文献标志码：A   文章编号：0253-2301（2021）11-0080-07

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.11.013

Investigation and Risk Assessment of Cadmium Pollution in Agricultural Lands inthe Representative Regions of Eastern Fujian

TENG Ying1， CHEN Jin-feng1，2， ZHANG Yu-hao1， ZHANG Ya-rong1， TANG Qing-qiang3

（1. China Certification & Inspection Group Fujian Co.， Ltd.， Fuzhou， Fujian 350015， China; 2. College of

Eco-Environment and Urban Construction， Fujian University of Technology， Fuzhou， Fujian 350118， China;

3. Technology Center of Fuzhou Customs District， Fuzhou， Fujian 350001， China）

Abstract： The present situation and development trend of cadmium （Cd） pollution in agricultural land in the representative regions of eastern Fujian were studied and the risk degree was analyzed， in order to provide technical support for the Cd control in agricultural land soil and the quality safety of agricultural products in eastern Fujian. A total of 495 soil samples were collected from the agricultural lands in eastern Fujian （329 paddy fields， 78 vegetable fields， 41 orchards， and 47 tea gardens）. The content of Cd in soil was determined by using the method of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Then， the Cd pollution of agricultural lands in the representative regions of eastern Fujian was evaluated by using the Nemerow pollution index method and potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that the accumulation of Cd in agricultural lands was large in the representative regions of eastern Fujian. The mean values of total Cd of heavy metals in agricultural lands of the eight regions were 0.227， 0.167， 0.177， 0.162， 0.128， 0.205， 0.166 and 0.249 mg·kg-1， respectively， but the effective state contents were all lower than 0.080 mg·kg-1， indicating slight contamination and a small amount of Cd that could flow into the food chain. Because of the significant differences among regions， and the increasing trend of total Cd and available Cd contents in a single region， the ecological risk was strong.

Key words： Soil; Heavy metals; Cadmium; Pollution investigation; Risk assessment

伴随着工业快速发展，各类污染物在土壤中不断积累[1-2]，土壤污染风险呈现加剧趋势，特别是土壤重金属污染尤其突出[3-5]。土壤一旦遭受重金属污染，难以在短时间内消除，重金属将影响植物地下根系有丝分裂，增大根系染色体畸变率[6]，并且可能流向食物链，因此，土壤重金属污染与治理已成为研究焦点[7-8]。土壤重金属污染物中，Cd的超标率远大于Hg、As、Cu、Cr等重金属。Cd为人体非必需元素，具有较强的潜伏性和毒性。目前国内对土壤Cd污染情况的研究，主要集中在各类大型工业区和水域底泥，如李法……