袁小坦 陈燕萍 朱育菁 袁济端 肖荣凤

摘 要：針对太子参种参块根病虫害发生严重的问题，收集了福建省柘荣县8个乡镇的47份种参块根样品，调查了病虫害发生率以及重要病害的发生情况。结果表明：柘荣县太子参种参块根病害发生率DI<5%和DI≥25%的样品数均为6份，5%≤DI<20%的样品有35份;虫害发生率较病害发生率略低，虫害发生率IPI<5%的样品数为18份。不同乡镇采集的样品其病害发生率为10.41%～22.17%，虫害发生率为4.76%～15.68%。在种参块根上发现有多种病害，其中根腐病和紫纹羽病发生较为严重;根腐病在8个乡镇的样品中均有发现，紫纹羽病则存在于3个乡镇的样品中。

建议种植户对病虫害发生率大于5%的种参块根进行筛选，剔除有病害和虫害症状的块根，从源头上控制种参块根质量，防止带菌传播或播种后病原菌通过虫害伤口传播。

关键词：太子参;种参;病害发生率;虫害发生率

中图分类号：S 435.675  文献标志码：A  文章编号：0253-2301（2021）11-0044-05

DOI： 10.13651/j.cnki.fjnykj.2021.11.007

Investigation and Analysis on the Incidence of Diseases and Insect Pests in the Root Tubersof Cultivated Pseudostellaria Heterophylla at Zherong County

YUAN Xiao-tan1， CHEN Yan-ping2， ZHU Yu-jing2， YUAN Ji-duan1， XIAO Rong-feng2*

（1. Zherong County Pharmaceutical Development Center， Ningde， Fujian 355300， China; 2. Institute of

Agricultural Biological Resources， Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Fuzhou， Fujian 350003， China）

Abstract： In order to solve the problem of diseases and insect pests occurred seriously in the root tubers of cultivated Pseudostellaria heterophylla， 47 samples of the root tubers of cultivated P.heterophylla were collected from 8 townships at Zherong County， Fujian Province. The results showed that the number of samples with the disease incidence （DI）<5% or DI≥25% were both 6， and the number of samples with 5%≤DI<20% was 35. The incidence of insect pests was slightly lower than that of diseases， and the number of samples with the insect pest incidence （IPI） of less than 5% was 18. The incidence of diseases and insect pests in the samples collected from different towns was 10.41%-22.17% and 4.76%-15.68%， respectively. Many kinds of diseases were found on the root tubers of cultivated P.heterophylla， among which Fusarium root rot and violet root rot were more serious. Fusarium root rot was found in the samples from 8 townships， while the violet root rot was found in the samples from 3 townships. It was suggested that the growers should screen the root tubers with the incidence of diseases and insect pests greater than 5%， and eliminate the root tubers with the symptoms of diseases and insect pests， thus to control the quality of root tubers of cultivated P. heterophylla from the source， and prevent the spread of pathogens or the spread of pathogens through insect pest wounds after sowing.

Key words： Pseudostellaria heterophylla; Cultivated root tubers; Disease incidence; Incidence of insect pests

太子参Pseudostellaria heterophylla属于石竹科，别称孩儿参、童参和四叶参等，以块根入药，具有益气养阴、生津润肺、健脾消食等功效[1-2]。我国的福建、贵州、安徽等省是太子参的主要种植区，其中福建省宁德市柘荣县被誉为“中国太子参之乡”。近年来，随着市场需求量不断增加，太子参的种植区域和栽培面积逐渐扩大。

长期以来，太子参的田间栽培主要采用种参块根（留种块根，以下简称种参）进行无性繁殖。随着种植年限的增加，种参中存在病虫害发生严重、品种混杂、种性退化等问题[3-5]。太子参的种参从块根形成到采挖需6～7个月的生长周期，增加了病害和虫害的为害风险。混杂病虫害的种参种植后，田间表现为出苗率降低和植株长势变弱，而且生长期易发生叶斑病、病毒病、根腐病、白绢病、紫纹羽病和酸腐病等各类病害

[6-8]。特别是携带土传病原菌的种参容易造成不出苗或病原菌交叉传播;受地下虫害如地老虎、蛴螬等咬食过的种参，因存在伤口，增加了块根感染土传病害的风险。……