韩佳 刘金增 赖宇阳 江鹏 宫伟 肖开琴

摘要： 为解决大兆瓦风电机组主机架研发难度大、周期长的问题，采用贯穿主机架全生命周期的多阶段多目标优化方法进行研发设计。在概念设计阶段侧重于获得主机架初始构型，以机架材料分布为设计变量，以材料体积为约束条件，以各工况极限强度为目标进行拓扑优化;在详细设计阶段侧重于机架的轻量化，以主机架结构尺寸为设计变量，以疲劳性能为约束条件，以各工况极限强度和机架质量最小为目标进行参数优化。分析结果表明：通过该方法得到的主机架不仅能满足设计要求，而且可以大大缩短研发周期、提高研发效率。

关键词： 大兆瓦风电机组;主机架;多目标优化;拓扑优化;轻量化

Abstract： To solve the problems of high difficulty and long cycle

in the research and development of large megawatt wind turbine main frame， the multistage and multiobjective optimization method throughout the whole life cycle of the main frame is used for the research and development design. In the conceptual design stage， it focuses on obtaining the initial configuration of the main frame， and the topology optimization is carried out by taking the material distribution of the frame as the design variable， and taking the material volume as the constraint condition， and taking the ultimate strength of each working condition as the objective. In the detailed design stage， it focuses on the lightweight of the frame， the parameter optimization is carried out by taking the structure size of the main frame as the design variable， and taking the fatigue performance as the constraint condition， and taking the ultimate strength of each working condition and the minimum frame mass as the objective. The analysis results show that the main frame obtained by this method can not only meet the design requirements， but also greatly shorten the research and development cycle and improve the research and development efficiency.

Key words： large megawatt wind turbine;main frame;multiobjecte optimization;topology optimization;lightweight

0 引 言

國内自主研发的风电机组正朝着大容量和高转换效率的方向发展，大兆瓦风电机组降成本增能效的研发越来越受重视。风电机组机舱主要由主机架、轴承座、主轴和齿轮箱等部件组成，某大兆瓦风电机组整机装配示意见图1。对各个关键部件进行优化研究可以缩短研发周期、有效降低度电成本。

主机架是风电机组的关键承载部件，主要承受风轮载荷和机舱质量载荷。风轮载荷具有随机性和周期性特征，机舱质量载荷可以等效为静载荷，因此主机架设计需考虑静强度和疲劳强度2个部分。

主机架结构复杂，设计研发难度大、周期长。快速高效地开发满足设计要求的主机架，是缩短大兆瓦风电机组开发周期、降低度电成本的重要环节。……