王庭楷 徐宏海

摘要： 为研究齿轮箱初始注油量、齿轮旋转方向等因素对齿轮箱内部润滑油瞬态分布、压力瞬态分布和各轴承进/回油孔润滑油质量流量的影响，基于齿轮箱内部不可压缩的气液两相流，采用STARCCM+软件的重叠网格技术对高速动车组驱动齿轮箱内部流场进行仿真。结果表明：当大齿轮正转时，受螺旋方向的影响，车轮侧各轴承进油量大于电机侧轴承进油量;当大齿轮反转时，各轴承进油量受螺旋方向的影响较小;随着初始注油量增加，各轴承进油孔的质量流量也增加;齿轮箱内部流场达到稳态时，内部压力总体上较为平均，仅啮合区存在局部高压区与负压区。研究结果对齿轮箱润滑流道结构设计具有指导意义。

关键词： 齿轮箱;流场;注油量;气液两相流;瞬态分布;质量流量

Abstract： To study the influence of initial oil injection and gear rotation direction and other factors on the transient distribution of oil

and pressure and the mass flow of lubricating oil in the filling and return holes of each bearing in the gearbox， based on the incompressible gasliquid twophase flow in the gearbox， the internal flow field of the drive gearbox in highspeed EMU is simulated using the overset grid technology of STARCCM+ software. The results show that： while the big gear rotates in the forward direction， the oil intake of the wheel side bearing is larger than that of the motor side bearing due to the helic direction of the large gear;while the big gear rotates in the reverse direction， the influence of the helic direction on the bearing oil intake is little;the mass flow rate of the bearing filling hole can be increased by increasing the initial oil injection;while the gearbox inside fluid field reaches steady state， the internal pressure is generally average， but there are high pressure areas and negative pressure areas in the local meshing area. The research results can guide the design of the lubrication channel structure of the gearbox.

Key words： gearbox;flow field;oil injection;gasliquid twophase flow;transient distribution;mass flow rate

0 引 言

高速動车组驱动齿轮箱是动力转向架的关键部件之一，是影响行车安全性与稳定性的重要部件。在齿轮箱高速运转时，轴承与齿轮啮合处产生大量热量且压力集中，极易造成高温和压力集中部位的点蚀、磨损等故障，影响齿轮箱的使用寿命和行车安全。[1]良好的油液润滑能够减少高压高温区域的产生，提高列车行驶的安全性。

国内外学者对高速齿轮箱内部流场的研究主要利用FLUENT软件、Pumplinx软件和有限体积法进行仿真。于宝义等[2]利用FLUENT分析不同初始油位和转速时的流场，发现3倍齿高浸油深度可较好地发挥润滑油作用，不会产生过多热量，齿轮啮入区形成局部高压，齿轮啮出区形成局部低压，且转速越高，高压和低压的绝对值越大。……