陈德文 刘飞 左安国 杨新文

摘要： 为分析线路曲线半径对轻轨列车车轮磨耗的影响，以长春市轻轨3号线70%低地板轻轨列车车轮为研究对象，建立独立旋转轮对的轻轨车辆轨道耦合动力学计算模型、轮轨接触模型和Archard材料磨耗模型，对轻轨列车车轮磨耗进行仿真分析。计算结果表明：轻轨列车通过半径为50 m的曲线时，圆曲线上的车轮磨耗比缓和曲线更严重，整体轮对比独立轮对磨耗更严重;曲线半径大于150 m时，内、外侧车轮磨耗随着曲线半径增大而减小，并且在曲线半径相同的条件下，独立轮对各车轮磨耗量均比整体轮对各车轮磨耗量约大2～3 mm;随着列车行驶里程的增加，车轮磨耗率有先增大后减小的变化趋势，即可以将车轮磨耗分为快速磨耗和稳定磨耗2个阶段。轻轨车辆外侧车轮的磨耗率大于内侧车轮，说明车轮磨耗主要发生在外侧车轮。

关鍵词： 轻轨;轮对;曲线半径;耦合动力学;磨耗模型;磨耗率

Abstract： To analyze the influence of curve radius on wheel wear of light rail train， the wheel wear of 70% low floor light rail train of Changchun light rail line 3 is studied， and the vehicletrack coupling dynamic calculation model with independent rotating wheelset， wheelrail contact model and Archard material wear model are established， and then the wheel wear of light rail train is simulated and analyzed. The computing results show that： while the light rail train passes through the 50 m radius curves， the wheel wear on the circular curve is more serious than that on the transition curve， and the wheel wear of the integrated wheelset is more serious than that of the independent wheelset;while the radius of the curve is greater than 150 m， the wear of outside and inside wheel decrease with the radius increasing， and the wear loss  of independent wheelset is about 2～3 mm larger than that of integral wheelset when the curve radius is same;with the train mileage increasing， the wheel wear rate increases first and then decreases， that is， the wheel wear can be divided into fast wear stage and stable wear stage. The wear rate of the outside wheel is higher than that of the inside wheel， which indicates that the wheel wear mainly occurs in the outside wheel.

Key words： light rail;wheelset;curve radius;coupling dynamics;wear model;wear rate

0 引 言

轻轨车辆运行普遍存在轮缘异常磨耗使

游间变大，导致车辆在直线段运行过程中横向摆动幅度较大，严重影响乘客乘坐的舒适度和列车运行安全。长春轻轨3号线位于城市核心区边缘，呈U形，存在众多小半径曲线轨道 [1]，因此选择该线路对轻轨列车车轮磨耗进行研究。

国内外关于车轮磨耗问题已开展一系列的试验、仿真和线路测试工作。JENDEL[2]基于Archard磨耗模型结合试验数据建立车轮踏面磨耗模型。丁军君等[3]基于Archard材料磨耗模型和轮轨多点非椭圆接触理论，模拟低地板有轨电车车轮磨耗演变过程，研究不同轮对内侧距的车轮磨耗问题。……