陈刚　陈国　朱孟艳　窦晗

在高海拔和低气温地区作业的工程机械设备由于内燃机燃烧不充分，导致废气排量大幅增加，严重危害作业人员的身体健康，将直接制约隧道施工进度。以川黄公路雪山梁隧道项目为例，从空气质量和通风效率两个方面研究了3种通风方案的优劣。结果表明，进洞前采用压入式通风方案可有效解决主洞和导洞多工作面施工的通风问题。而在隧道掘进至1734m时，将压入式通风调整为巷道式通风。现场空气质量检测结果证明，隧道内新鲜风可满足施工需要和环保要求。

高海拔  低气温  隧道  通风方案  空气质量

CHEN GangCHEN GuoZHU MengyanDOU Han

（1. Guangxi Communications Investment Group Co.， Ltd.， Nanning， Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region， 530022 China;2. China Railway First Group Third Engineering Co.， Ltd.， Baoji， Shaanxi Province， 721006 China; 3. College of Civil Engineering， Nanjing Forestry University， Nanjing， Jiangsu Province， 210037 China ）

The emissions of the engineering mechanical equipment increases sharply due to incomplete combustion of internal combustion engine at high altitude and low temperature localities. This is a serious danger to health of the operators and directly restricts the progress of the tunnel construction. Taking the Xueshan Liang tunnel in Chuanghuang highway as an example， the advantages and disadvantages of three ventilation schemes is studies from the air quality and ventilation efficiency. It is found that the forced ventilation scheme can solve the ventilation problem of the multi-working faces of main and pilot tunnels before entering the hole. When the tunnel is drove to the front 1734 meter of the tunnel， the forced ventilation is adjusted to the gallery ventilation. The results of the air quality inspection on site shows that the fresh air in the tunnel meets the construction demand and environmental protection requirements.

High altitude; Low temperature; Tunnel; Ventilation scheme; Air quality

提高通風质量、改善作业环境及采用可靠的超前地质预报指导施工，是隧道施工的重要环节之一，是隧道安全施工的关键。但在高海拔、低气温、地质复杂地区进行隧道施工时，因受外界环境因素影响，提高通风质量、改善作业环境相比一般地区较为困难;超前地质预报对于指导地质条件复杂、工期紧的隧道施工，作用和意义尤为突出。因此，通过合理地布置通风系统及利用超前地质预报结果正确指导施工，是施工安全和人员身心健康的重要保证，同时又为实现隧道又好又快施工奠定基础。

目前，复杂地质条件下高原长大隧道施工可借鉴的经验相对较少。高海拔地区由于大气压低、空气稀薄存在缺氧现象，缺氧导致内燃机燃烧不充分，废气排量比常规条件下有所增加，从而加大了通风难度;地质情况复杂多变，影响施工安全及工程进度。……