高伟浓

摘要：历史上，海上丝绸之路在东南亚形成了“水陆并合型”、“水路型”和“陆路型”的交通格局。晚清活躍于东南亚各国的来自闽粤等省的华商主要包括两部分：一部分航行于相关海路区间从事贸易活动;另一部分长期居住在相关国家进行商品交易。东南亚华商一般以地缘为基础进行结集，除了在各自居住国营商，还与祖（籍）国开展双边水陆民间贸易，并且进行东南亚地区内和跨东南亚的区域性多边贸易。近代东南亚华商的各种贸易活动造就了一个分布有序、相互交叠的商业网络，为东南亚和东亚地区的经济发展和社会进步做出了不可磨灭的贡献。

关键词：东南亚;海上丝绸之路;华商

[中图分类号] F752.9            [文献标识码]  A                [文章编号] 1003-2479（2021）04-016-13

The Maritime Silk Road and Overseas Chinese Businessmen in Southeast Asia in the Late Qing Dynasty

GAO Weinong

Abstract： The historical Maritime Silk Road in Southeast Asia included several branch lines， forming the land-and-sea， waterway， and landway transportation networks. During the late Qing Dynasty， two groups of Chinese businessmen who were active in Southeast Asian countries were mainly from Chinas Fujian and Guangdong Provinces. One group sailed on the sea routes and engaged in trade activities， and the other lived in the relevant countries for a long time to conduct commodity transactions. Chinese businessmen in Southeast Asia generally gathered on a geographical basis. In addition to operating business in their residence countries， they also conducted bilaterally non-governmental trade with their home countries by land and water and did regionally multilateral business in and out of Southeast Asia. Their various trade activities in Southeast Asia in modern times have created an extraordinary business network and made indelible contributions to the economic development and social progress of Southeast and East Asia.

Key Words： Southeast Asia; Maritime Silk Road; Chinese Businessmen

东南亚地区的海上丝绸之路（也称“南海航路”）包括多条支线。历史上，众多支线不断延伸、拓展，构成了一个四通八达的海上交通网络。一般认为，鸦片战争的爆发标志着古代海上丝绸之路开始走向衰落，清朝的落幕标志着古代海上丝绸之路的终结。本文主要分析这一时期东南亚地区海上丝绸之路沿线的华商及其贸易活动。

一、东南亚地区海上丝绸之路格局的形成与华商分布

总体上说，海上丝绸之路因应于国际商品交易的产生而出现。在商品交易的背后，一个必不可少的要素是人员的流动。人员流动则包括航行于海上丝绸之路主航线和各条支线上的商人，以及游走于陆地上各个路段间的商人，此外还有在后台提供各种服务的民众，彼此相互对接，形成商品流通的格局。……