杨洋 赵果巍 武大伟

摘 要：通过文献资料等方法，考查位于美国南部的阿拉巴马州内四年制高等学校的课余体育开展情况，并对开展项目和方式进行统计和分析，展示出美国高校为其学生（和教工）提供的体育参与环境及效果，探讨大学生及其家庭参与体育活动的情况，进而探究美国具备全民体育条件的原因，提出建议：从管理、政策等方面入手，发挥学生社团的作用，将专业化的教师、教练指导与学生日常活动常态化管理相结合，逐渐扩大规模和影响;从文化引导方面入手，建议配备专门心理辅导教师或志愿者及时搜集相关信息，持续关注参与者的身心问题;从科研方面入手，对基础教育中的学校教育部分应多加关注，对橄榄球、篮球等全民关注项目的专项追踪研究也十分必要。

关键词：课余体育;美国;高校

Abstract：The paper does the research of the development of extracurricular sports in four-year colleges and universities in Alabama in the south of the United States. Statistics and analysis are made on the projects and ways of development， shown the environment and effects of sports participation provided by American colleges and universities for their students （and teachers）. It is discussed that the participation of college students and their families in sports activities， and then explored the important causes of American national sports. It puts forward some suggestions： starting from the aspect of management and policy， giving full play to the role of student associations， combining the professional guidance of teachers and coaches with the normal management of students' daily activities and gradually expanding the scale and influence. From the aspect of cultural guidance， it is suggested that special psychological guidance teachers or volunteers should be provided to collect relevant information in time. From the aspect of scientific research， more attention should be paid to the school education part of basic education and special tracking research on rugby， basketball and other national concerned projects is also necessary.

Key words：Extracurricular Sports; United States; Colleges and Universities

在美国，人们对体育运动的热情，洋溢在其生活和社交的方方面面：体育活动伴随美国青年成长的全过程，也是美国人性格塑造的重要途径;积极参与体育活动是美国人集体荣誉感強的重要体现;即使在总统大选过程中，来自体育界的声音也总是响亮而不容被忽视的。体育，当仁不让地成为我们与美国进行文化交流的重要途径。

笔者考察美国阿拉巴马州内四年制高校的课余体育开展情况，与师生直接交流，得到宝贵的一手资料。对阿拉巴马州高校（包括公立和私立）官网和主流网站宣传页中的相关内容进行收集和整理，以Intramural Sports、校内体育等关键词在谷歌学术和中国之网检索文献，结合考查实际，归纳出美国高校课余体育的理念和实践特点。……