中国西北科学考查团对待档案史料的态度初议
2021-04-06郑鹏
郑鹏
摘 要:中国西北科学考查团是民国时期的重要学术团体,在持续八年的科考活动中获得了大量档案史料。考查团对待档案史料的态度若何,值得进行探讨。分析可知,考查团成员对档案史料认识较为深刻,多种门类的资料皆在其关注范围之内;成员们对档案史料的搜集可谓不遗余力,采用了考古发掘、调研发现及购买收集等多种方式;此外,成员们对档案史料的整理分类较为科学和及时,对相关材料的研究和保护也颇为重视。
关键词:西北科学考查团;档案史料;考古发掘;收集;整理
Abstract: The Sino-Swedish Northwest Expedition was an important academic group during the Republic of China, and obtained a large number of Archives and historical materials during the eight-year scientific expedition. The expedition' s attitude towards Archives and historical materials is worthy of discussion. The members of the expedition have a deeper understanding of Archives, and all kinds of materials are within the scope of attention; the members try their best in collecting Archives, using various methods such as archaeological excavations, research findings, and purchase. In addition, the members are more scientific and timely in sorting out Archives, and they also attach great importance to the research and protection of related materials.
Keywords: The Sino-Swedish Northwest Expedition; Archives and historical materials; Archaeological excavation; Collect; Arrangement
中国西北科学考查团是民国时期的重要学术团体,成立于1927年,于1935年结束科考活动。在长达八年的科考过程中,获得以居延汉简、经卷、古书等为代表的大量档案史料。
考查团成员对待这些档案史料的态度若何,值得进行深入探究。笔者以我国学者黄文弼、徐旭生、袁复礼及瑞典探险家斯文·赫定等考查团成员的相关活动及记载为切入点,试图对该问题作一番梳理,以期与有共同研究兴趣的同好探讨交流。
1 认识较为深刻,关注门类齐全
黄文弼作为考查团专事考古工作的学者,其相关记载具有一定的代表性。团员们在科考过程中获得了大量经卷、古籍、汉简、文书(包括汉文、少数民族文字及外文)、木牍、图册、石刻、墓表、墓碑、界碑、匾额、壁画等文献材料;同时,他们也收集到了不少钱币、陶片、瓦片等物件。[1]考查团成员也会以绘图、照相等方式留存史料,如黄文弼就记载道他绘有一砖堆分布图,可供以后参考。……
