药用植物白及化学成分和药理作用研究进展
2021-04-06左世梅
左世梅
[摘要] 综述白及近年化学成分和药理作用的研究进展,为更好地开发利用白及提供科学依据。白及是一种传统常见中药,不仅用药历史悠久,而且药用价值高。研究显示,白及化学成分主要包括白及多糖、茋类化合物等,药理作用主要包括活血止血、促进骨髓造血功能、抗癌、抗肿瘤、促进创伤愈合、抗病原微生物、保护黏膜、抗溃疡、美白抗氧化、抗衰老、免疫调节等。目前白及的化学成分和药理作用得到不断深入研究,展现了其广阔的应用前景。
[关键词] 白及;白及多糖;茋类化合物;药理作用;综述
[中图分类号] R284.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-9701(2021)04-0189-04
Research progress on chemical components and pharmacological action of Bletilla striata
ZUO Shimei
Kunming Health Vocational College, Jinning 650600, China
[Abstract] The progress of chemical composition and pharmacological action of Bletilla striata in recent years is reviewed to provide scientific basis for the better development and utilization of Bletilla striata. Bletilla striata is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine, which has a long history and high medicinal value. Research shows that the chemical composition of Bletilla striata includes Bletilla striata polysaccharide, stilbene compounds, and its pharmacological effects mainly include promoting blood circulation and hemostasis, promoting bone marrow hematopoietic function, anti-cancer, anti-tumor, promoting wound healing, anti pathogenic microorganisms, protecting mucous membrane, anti ulcer, whitening and anti-oxidation, anti-aging, immune regulation, etc. At present, the chemical composition and pharmacological action of Bletilla striata have been studied in depth, which shows its broad application prospect.
[Key words] Bletilla striata; Bletilla striata polysaccharide; Stilbene compounds; Pharmacological action; Review
白及为兰科植物白及Bletilla striata(Thund.)Reichb.f.的干燥块茎,是一种用药历史悠久的常用中药,其性微寒,味苦、涩、甘,含有大量的黏胶质,具有收敛止血、消肿生肌的功效,野生品主产于四川、湖南、贵州、云南、湖北、广西、陕西、甘肃、江苏、浙江等[1]。迄今为止,已从白及中分离出90多个化合物,其中主要包括白及多糖、茋类化合物等,此外还有少量挥发油、淀粉、葡萄糖等。药理作用主要包括活血止血、促进骨髓造血功能、抗癌、抗肿瘤、促进创伤愈合、抗病原微生物、保护黏膜、抗溃疡、美白抗氧化、免疫调节、抗衰老等。目前国内多家药企获批生产含白及的成药,如白及胶囊、白及颗粒、白及片和白及糖浆等,临床应用广泛[2]。本文对白及化学成分和药理作用的研究进展进行综述,为更好地开发利用白及提供科学依据。
1 白芨的化学成分研究
大量研究表明,白及的主要化学成分为白及多糖、联苄类、联菲类、二氢菲类、菲类、葡萄糖苷类、醌类、黄酮类和花色素类等,共有90余种。……
