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水稻种子储藏技术研究

2021-04-02温东强覃初贤邢钇浩望飞勇覃欣广

农业研究与应用 2021年6期

温东强 覃初贤 邢钇浩 望飞勇 覃欣广

摘 要:种子是农业发展的芯片,种子的安全储藏是一项非常重要的工作。为了寻求更安全简便的种子储藏方式,延长种子寿命以提高商用价值,促进农业发展,尝试以低温冷藏方式储藏种子,以杂交水稻种子为试验材料,从控制入库种子含水量(15.0%、13.0%、12.0%、11.0%、10.0%)、包装方式(编织袋包装和铝箔袋密封包装)和储藏环境(A:温度4℃、相对湿度40%低温种子库;B:温度8℃、相对湿度50%低温种子库;C:温度13℃、相对湿度55%低温种子库)等方面进行设置处理,储藏期间定期抽样检测种子的含水量和发芽率,观察储藏效果。结果表明,低温种子库A(温度4℃、相对湿度40%)的水稻种子平衡含水量为10.5%,低温种子库B(温度8℃、相对湿度50%)的水稻种子平衡含水量为11.5%,低温种子库C(温度13℃、相对湿度55%)的水稻种子平衡含水量为12%;种子含水量≤13.0%的杂交水稻种子,无论密封以否,在这三种类型的低温种子库内均可安全储藏二年以上。为水稻种子的安全储藏和种子商业化储备提供了简便适宜的新选择。

关键词:水稻种子;安全储藏;贮藏条件;含水量;发芽率

中图分类号:S511;S339.3              文献标志码:A

Research on the Storage Technology of Rice Seed

WEN Dongqiang,QIN Chuxian,XING Yihao,

WANG Feiyong,QIN Xinguang

(Germplasm Genebank, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,

Nanning,Guangxi 530007, China)

Abstract:  Seeds are chips for agricultural development, and safe storage of seeds is a very important task. In order to seek a safer and easier way of seed storage to extend the life of seeds to increase commercial value and promote agricultural development, we tried to store seeds in low-temperature refrigeration. Using hybrid rice seeds as test materials, set up treatments from the moisture contents (15.0%, 13.0%, 12.0%, 11.0%, and 10.0%) of stored seeds, packaging materials (woven bags and sealed aluminum foil bags) and storage environments (low-temperature seed bank at A: temperature 4℃, relative humidity 40%; B: temperature 8℃, relative humidity 50%; C:temperature 13℃, relative humidity 55%). During the storage period, regularly sampled and tested the moisture content and germination rate of the seeds, and observed the storage effect. Results showed that the equilibrium moisture contents of rice seeds in the seed bank at A, B and C were 10.5%, 11.5%, and 12%, respectively; hybrid rice seeds with seed moisture content≤13.0%, whether sealed or not, can be safely stored in these three types of low-temperature seed banks for more than two years. It provides a convenient and suitable new option for the safe and commercial storage of rice seeds.

Key words:  Rice seed;safe storage;storage condition;moisture content;germination rate

種子是农业科技进步的基础和重要载体,是农业的芯片,处于农业生产的最上游。一粒小小的种子关系到国家粮食安全和农业科技现代化。我国的水稻种子生产和消费居世界首位,水稻种子产业的发展关系到国家粮食安全甚至世界粮食安全。水稻种子在储藏中其发芽活性将逐渐减弱,对种子发芽活性影响最大的因素是种子的水分含量储藏温度[1-7]。……

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