牛筋草的危害及综合防控现状
2021-04-02宁蕾单彬叶维雁危丹妮唐桓伟周海兰唐圣理
宁蕾 单彬 叶维雁 危丹妮 唐桓伟 周海兰 唐圣理
摘 要:牛筋草是禾本科1年生草本植物,广泛分布于温带和热带等光照充足的地区,危害豆类、薯类、蔬菜、果树等旱地作物,已经被列为世界十大恶性杂草之一。本文简述了牛筋草的生物学特性以及在我国危害作物的情况。针对由于长期使用单一农药杀灭杂草,导致防控牛筋草失效的情况,探讨了耕作防控、覆草防控、生草防控、地膜覆盖、化学防控、火焰防控技术防控牛筋草的效果、优缺点及适用情景,以期为牛筋草综合治理提供参考。
关键词:牛筋草;生物学特性;综合治理
中图分类号:S451 文献标志码:A
Harm and Comprehensive Control of Eleusine indica
NING Lei,SHAN Bin*,YE Weiyan,WEI Danni,TANG Huanwei,
ZHOU Hailan,TANG Shengli
(Guangxi Subtropical Crops Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530001,China)
Abstract: Eleusine indica belongs to Gramineae,which is an annual herb widely distributed in temperate and tropical sunny areas. It harms dryland crops such as beans,potatoes,vegetables and fruit trees,and has been listed as one of the top ten malignant weeds in the world. This paper briefly describes the biological characteristics of Eleusine indica and its damage to crops in China. In view of the failure of control of Eleusine indica caused by long-term use of a single pesticide,discusses the control effects,advantages and disadvantages and applicability of tillage control,straw mulching,grass planting,plastic film mulching,chemical herbicide and flame weeding,so as to provide reference for comprehensive control of Eleusine indica.
Key words: Eleusine indica;biological characteristics;comprehensive control
牛筋草[Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn], 俗稱蟋蟀草、油葫芦草、千人踏等, 属禾本科穇属1年生草本植物[1],广泛分布于温带和热带等光照充足的地区,容易形成单一优势群落,多生于较湿润的农田、荒地、果园、草坪及路旁,可以为害豆类、薯类、蔬菜、果树等旱地植物[2],已经被列为世界十大恶性杂草之一。本文主要介绍了牛筋草的生物学特性、危害性及其综合防控的研究概况,供相关科技人员参考。
1 牛筋草的生物学特性
牛筋草种子发芽时间为 4月至9 月,气温低于15 ℃时种子不萌发, 当温度高于25 ℃时,牛筋草种子萌发率超过90%[3]。种子成熟时间为7 月至 12月,干旱、气温下降、药物等因素可促进牛筋草种子提前成熟。牛筋草结子量大,单株即可产14万粒种子[4]。种子成熟后飘落,可借助风力、流水、动物取食排泄、动物皮毛和人的衣物表面吸附完成散布传播[5]。……
