董涛 胡勇 司巧灵

摘 要：为了给淮北平原冬小麦抗旱和节水灌溉工作提供参考依据，选取1992—2013年淮北平原冬小麦土壤相对湿度旬值和逐月降水、气温数据，分析土壤相对湿度的年际变化特征，采用相关分析方法探讨不同土层土壤相对湿度与降水和气温的相关关系，并建立不同土层土壤相对湿度与降水和气温的回归方程。结果表明：淮北平原冬小麦平均土壤相对湿度以每年0.19%的速度下降，10、20、50cm土层下降速度分别为每年0.08%、0.11%、0.31%。淮北平原冬小麦土壤相对湿度与降水呈正相关，10cm土层土壤相对湿度与降水相关性最强;与气温呈负相关，20cm土层土壤相对湿度与气温相关性最强;20cm土层土壤相对湿度与降水和气温的相关性最强。

关键词：土壤相对湿度;降水;气温;相关性分析;淮北平原

中图分类号 S152.7文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）05-0120-03

Abstract： The ten-day value of soil relative humidity， monthly precipitation and air temperature data of winter wheat in Huaibei Plain from 1992 to 2013 were selected， the interannual variation characteristics of soil relative humidity were analyzed， the correlation between soil relative humidity and precipitation and air temperature in different soil layers were discussed by using correlation analysis method， and the regression equations between soil relative humidity and precipitation and air temperature in different soil layers were established. The results showed that the average soil relative humidity of winter wheat in Huaibei Plain decreased at an annual rate of 0.19%， and the decreasing rates of 10cm， 20cm and 50cm were 0.08%， 0.11% and 0.31% respectively. There is a positive correlation between the relative humidity of winter wheat and precipitation in Huaibei Plain. The relative humidity of 10cm soil layer has the strongest correlation with precipitation and negative correlation with air temperature， and the relative humidity of 20cm soil layer has the strongest correlation with air temperature. The correlation between soil relative humidity and precipitation and air temperature is the strongest in 20cm soil layer， which can provide reference for water-saving irrigation and drought relief of winter wheat in Huaibei Plain.

Key words： Soil relative humidity; Precipitation; Temperature; Correlation analysis; Huaibei Plain

土壤相對湿度是指土壤含水量与田间持水量的百分比，主要受到降水、气温、植被类型及地形条件等因素的影响[1]。根据土壤相对湿度可以知道土壤含水的程度，对于抗旱和灌溉工作具有重要的参考价值。随着人类经济社会的发展，气候变化显著[2-4]，其可能引发的干旱对农业生产影响巨大[5-6]。土壤相对湿度是表征农业旱情的一个综合指标，是植物生产发育过程中重要的影响因子[7]，掌握其动态变化特征及其与有关因素的相关关系，对农业生产具有一定的指导意义。王富强等[7]采用相关分析和偏相关分析方法对郑州市土壤相对湿度的变化情况进行了分析，并探讨了该地区土壤相对湿度与降水、气温的相关关系。……