周彬?朱炳麟

摘 要：采用5种配合比制作玻璃钢试件作为试验对象，进行拉伸试验和弯曲试验，记录试验中的抗拉强度、中点弯曲挠度和抗弯刚度，研究玻璃钢结构力学性能。结果表明，不同配合比制作的玻璃钢试件抗拉强度和抗弯刚度表现不同，随着玻璃钢材料中聚酯比例的增加，玻璃钢材料密度逐渐增大，玻璃钢结构抗拉强度和抗弯刚度提升;但是，随着拉伸速率和重力载荷数值的增加，玻璃钢结构抗拉强度和抗弯刚度逐渐降低，中点弯曲挠度逐渐增大。玻璃钢结构拉伸力学性能和弯曲力学性能对材料密度和外部受力的依赖性较大，当玻璃钢材料密度为0.492 g/cm3、聚酯材料配比为31.46 kg/m3时，玻璃钢结构抗拉性能最好。

关键词：玻璃钢;力学性能;抗拉强度;中点弯曲挠度;抗弯刚度

中图分类号：TB302.3文献标识码：A文章编号：1003-5168（2021）34-00-03

Experimental Study on Mechanical Properties of FRP Structures

ZHOU Bin ZHU Binglin

（Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute， Shanghai 201109）

Abstract： FRP specimens were made with five kinds of mixing ratios. As test objects， tensile and bending tests were carried out， and the tensile strength， midpoint bending deflection and bending stiffness in the tests were recorded so as to study the mechanical properties of FRP structures. Results： show that different mixture made of glass fiber reinforced plastic specimen tensile strength and flexural rigidity performance is different， with the increase of polyester proportion in the glass fiber reinforced plastic materials， glass fiber reinforced plastic material density increased gradually， the structure of glass fiber reinforced plastic tensile strength and flexural rigidity to ascend， but with the increase of stretching rate and gravity load numerical， glass fiber reinforced plastic tensile strength and flexural stiffness gradually reduce， the midpoint bending deflection increases gradually. The tensile and flexural mechanical properties of FRP structure have great dependence on material density and external force. When the density of FRP material is 0.492 g/cm3 and the ratio of polyester material is 31.46 kg/m3， the tensile strength of FRP structure is the best.

Keywords： FRP;mechanical properties;tensile strength;midpoint bending deflection;bending stiffness

玻璃鋼属于一种复合纤维工业材料，已经被广泛应用于机器零件和轮船制作等领域[1]。玻璃钢结构复杂程度较高，并且结构的减重问题比较突出，结构纤维比较松散，只能承受拉力，不能承受弯曲和剪切。当承受一定载荷时，结构容易发生变形，因此从理论分析和数值模拟分析上很难准确确定玻璃钢结构的力学特征[2]。玻璃钢是一种新型的复合材料，国内目前对其结构力学性能的研究较少。为了使玻璃钢材料代替钢材广泛应用于各个领域，需要明确其结构的力学性能。通过试验分析玻璃钢结构的力学性能，主要涉及玻璃钢结构的强度和刚度。……