洋葱伯克霍尔德菌耐药机制的研究进展
2021-03-25方幸刘雪琳丁培丽
方幸 刘雪琳 丁培丽
【摘要】 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌是临床常见的机会致病菌,其感染多见于肺囊性纤维化及免疫抑制患者,可引起呼吸系统、泌尿系统、血流感染、颅内感染等,尤其肺内感染造成不可逆的肺組织损伤。目前对于洋葱伯克霍尔德菌治疗的抗生素选择较少,同时由于其耐药率高,很难被清除,因此临床对于洋葱伯克霍尔德菌感染的治疗手段有限且效果不佳。本文就该细菌的耐药机制进行总结,为基础及临床研发并使用抗菌药物提供相关思路。
【关键词】 洋葱伯克霍尔德菌 耐药 外膜通透屏障 外排泵系统 β-内酰胺酶
Research on Drug Resistance Mechanism of Burkholderia Cepacia/FANG Xing, LIU Xuelin, DING Peili. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(32): -188
[Abstract] Burkholderia cepacia is one of the most common clinical opportunistic pathogens, it often affects patients with pulmonary cystic fibrosis and the patients who are in immunosuppression, it can cause respiratory, urinary, bloodstream, and intracranial infections, especially in the lungs, the infection causes irreversible lung tissue damage. At present, there are few antibiotics for the treatment of Burkholderia cepacia, at the same time, due to its high drug resistance rate, it is difficult to be eliminated, therefore, the clinical treatment of Burkholderia cepacia infection is limited and the effect is not good. This article summarize the drug resistance mechanism of this kind of bacteria, and provide relevant ideas for basic and clinical development and use of antibacterial drugs.
[Key words] Burkholderia cepacia Drug resistance Outer membrane diffusion Efflux pump β-lactamase
First-author’s address: The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.32.046
洋葱伯克霍尔德菌是水、土壤和植物中普遍存在的革兰阴性非乳糖发酵细菌,即使在有机溶剂、防腐剂或者低营养条件下仍能存活数月,且对于消毒剂有很好的耐受性[1],被认为是肺囊性纤维化及免疫抑制患者院内感染的高危条件致病菌[2]。洋葱伯克霍尔德菌可造成颅内感染、肺炎、泌尿系统感染,甚至血流感染,其感染后的特征为多重固有的抗生素耐药[3],因此洋葱伯克霍尔菌感染后尤其是对于肺囊性纤维化及免疫抑制患者难以治疗且无法使用抗生素达到有效根除[4]。
细菌已经进化出多种耐药策略,且可同时协同使用不同的生物机制(包括先天性及获得性)来达到更高的耐药性[5],包括(1)细菌本身细胞膜介导的抗菌药物的低渗透性;(2)细胞的主动流出系统;(3)通过底物切割或者化学修饰如磷酸化、乙酰化、腺苷化等作用造成酶失活;(4)通过基因突变来改变靶目标,或者使用耐药靶目标替代易感靶目标;(5)特异性结合蛋白进行药物隔绝;(6)通过增加基因转录导致细菌增殖。……
