施华胜 李佳敏 鲍雅君

摘 要：随着城市化进程的推进，城市水平方向上的扩展逐渐趋于平稳，旧城改造、棚户区改造等一系列政策的提出，使城市扩张逐渐从水平扩张演变为垂直空间增长。基于合肥市蜀山区2017年和2020年的三维建筑矢量数据，运用Arc GIS地理空间分析法，从垂直方向上运用建筑加权平均高度和建筑面积对合肥市蜀山区2017—2020年4年间的垂直空间时空演变情况进行了研究。结果表明：（1）建筑群的高度和数目在不断增加。2017—2020年4年里合肥市蜀山区建筑物平均高度增加0.16m，建筑体积也同样增加256.98×105m3。（2）中高层建筑增长率呈显著增长趋势，超高层建筑增长率微弱增长，而低层建筑、多层建筑和高层建筑增长率呈现负增长趋势，多层建筑的负增长幅度较大。（3）空间上，低层建筑的分布呈现由中心城区向郊区迁移的趋势，蜀山区的东南方向上中高层和超高层建筑逐渐增多。

关键词：垂直空间增长;建筑加权平均高度;空间扩展;合肥市蜀山区

中图分类号 P237文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）04-0165-04

Absrtact： As urbanization advances， the expansion in the horizontal direction of the city has gradually stabilized.A series of policies， such as the transformation of shantytowns in old cities， have gradually changed from horizontal expansion to vertical space growth. Based on the 3D building vector data of Hefei Shushan District in 2017 and 2020.By using Arc GIS geospatial analysis method， the spatial and temporal evolution of vertical space in Shushan District of Hefei City in 2017—2020 was studied by using the weighted average height and building area of buildings in the vertical direction. The results showed that： （1） The height and number of the complex are increasing. Between 2017 and 2020， the average height of buildings in Shushan District of Hefei increased by 0.16 meters. The volume of the building also increased by 256.98×105 cubic metres. （2） There is a significant growth trend in the growth rate of medium and high-rise buildings， the growth rate of super-high-rise buildings has grown modestly， the growth rate of low-rise buildings， multi-storey buildings and high-rise buildings shows a negative trend， the negative growth of multi-storey buildings is large. （3） The distribution of low-rise buildings in space shows a trend of migration from central urban areas to suburbs.In the southeast direction of Shushan， the number of high-rise and super-high-rise buildings is gradually increasing.

Key words： Vertical space growth; Building weighted average height; Space expansion; Shushan District of Hefei City

1 引言

城市是人類活动高度集聚和经济高度发达的区域，是人口与经济发展的核心和载体。城市化过程及空间扩展的研究，对于理解人口、经济集聚扩散具有重要作用[1，2]。自2000年以来，中国进入了一个城市化快速发展的时期，城市规模达到了人类有史以来的最大规模[3]。近几年来，随着经济发展速度的加快，城市化进程的速度也持续加快，导致城区土地资源的需求量不断上升，种种因素导致城区土地价格不断地上涨，人口越来越集中于交通发达、生活便利的城区，从而导致了城市人口密度分布不均匀、土地空间不合理使用、城市生态环境恶劣等一系列的城市问题[4]。……