李超龙 周昌仕

摘 要：乡村治理现代化的多元理性使其面临前所未有的复杂性，需要在治理体制建设、治理需求匹配、城乡平等、乡村文化耦合等方面协同共进。乡村治理结构失衡、小微权力失范化、文化庸俗化、社会主体边缘化现实困境制约了乡村治理现代化的实现，基于政策问题构建理论溯源发现村民主体地位衰弱、监督力量分散多元、乡村文化重构缺失、交易体制建设滞后是造成困境的根源。为促进治理现代化，需要探索财权与事权的深度分离、完善村级民主议事制度、构建无缝衔接的监督体系、建立城乡联动交易机制。

关键词：乡村治理现代化;现实困境;溯源;对策

中图分类号 F323文献标识码 A文章编号 1007-7731（2021）04-0001-05

Abstract： The multiple rationality of rural governance modernization makes it face unprecedented complexity. It needs to cooperate in governance system construction， governance demand matching， urban-rural equality， rural cultural coupling and so on. Rural governance structure imbalance， small and micro power anomie， cultural vulgarization， marginalization of social subject restrict the realization of rural governance modernization. Based on the theory of policy construction， the weakness of villager′s main body status， the decentralization and diversity of supervision power， the lack of rural cultural restructuring and the lag of transaction system construction are the root causes of the dilemma. In order to promote the modernization of governance， we need to explore the deep separation of financial power and administrative power， improve the Democratic deliberative system at the village level， build a seamless supervision system， and establish a linkage transaction mechanism between urban and rural areas.

Key words： Modernization of rural governance; Realistic dilemma; Source tracing; Countermeasures

1 引言

如何围绕“五位一体”总体布局与“三治合一”实现乡村治理现代化这一命题拥有多种理性基础，这使其自提出伊始便天生带有多元协同的基因，要求乡村治理必须在治理体制建设、治理需求匹配、城乡平等、乡村文化耦合等方面实现整体协同发展。治理体制方面，要“建立健全党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障、科技支撑的现代乡村社会治理体制”，以保障治理有效地实现。有效意味着效率与效能[1]，但现代国家权利与基层自治权利关系的失范和失序[2]、村两委对上级政府依赖[3]、社会组织的缺位[4]、村民弱势状态与“搭便车”心理[5]、村干部“经济人”一面膨胀[2]、精准扶贫与乡村振兴难以科学匹配[6]等削弱了治理体制的效能与效率。……