张盖 金晓胜 周波 袁轶俊 张豪 叶侃 戈大海

[摘要] 目的 了解溫州市院前急救创伤患者流行病学的变化趋势，分析其特征，为完善院前急救创伤救治体系及提升院前创伤患者抢救成功率提供数据支持。 方法 对2016年1月至2019年12月温州市急救中心接诊的院前创伤患者的性别、年龄、发病时间和地点、既往史、致伤原因、致伤部位等信息进行回顾性分析和总结。 结果 2016—2019年院前创伤患者为49 692例，呈逐年上升趋势，男性占65.62%，女性占34.38%，男女性别比为1.91∶1;创伤好发年龄为20～59岁，占68.05%，其中以40～49岁为高峰，占19.04%;创伤发病时间高峰时段为18∶00～20∶59;创伤好发地点首位为交通道路，占52.13%;创伤患者多数体健无基础疾病，占75.69%;院前创伤原因前3位依次为车祸伤（46.20%）、生活摔伤（18.89%）、斗殴（13.03%）;受伤部位前3位为四肢25 268例（50.85%）、头面部13 411例（26.99%）、脊柱3632例（7.31%）。 结论 温州市院前急救创伤患者多为中青年，男性多于女性，创伤高发时间为早晚高峰期，7月为最高发月份，患者多无基础疾病，创伤类型以交通伤害多见，四肢为最易受伤部位。

[关键词] 院前急救;创伤;流行病学;车祸伤

[中图分类号] R641          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2021）03-0159-04

Characteristics of 49 692 pre-hospital emergency trauma patients in Wenzhou city

ZHANG Gai1   JIN Xiaosheng1   ZHOU Bo1   YUAN Yijun2   ZHANG Hao1   YE Kan1   GE Dahai1

1.Medical Department， Wenzhou First Aid Center in Zhejiang Province， Wenzhou   325000， China; 2.Medical Department， Hangzhou First Aid Center， Hangzhou   310012， China

[Abstract] Objective To understand the changing trend of the epidemiology of pre-hospital emergency trauma patients in Wenzhou city and analyze the characteristics， so as to provide data support for improving the pre-hospital emergency trauma treatment system and the success rate. Methods The genders， ages， onset times and places， past history， causes of injury and locations of pre-hospital trauma patients who were admitted by Wenzhou First Aid Center from January 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed and summarized. Results From 2016 to 2019， the number of patients with pre-hospital trauma was 49，692， showing an increasing trend year by year， among whom males accounted for 65.62% and females 34.38%， and the male-to-female ratio was 1.91∶1. The predilection age of trauma was 20-59 years old， accounting for 68.05%， and the peak age was 40-49 years old， accounting for 19.04%. The peak time of trauma was 18∶00-20∶59. The first places where trauma occurred were on traffic roads， accounting for 52.13%. The majority of trauma patients were healthy and had no underlying diseases， accounting for 75.69%. The top 3 causes of pre-hospital trauma were traffic accident injury （46.20%）， life injury （18.89%） and fighting （13.03%）， respectively. The first three sites of injury were 25，268 cases of the limbs （50.85%）， 13，411 cases of the head and face （26.99%）， and 3， 632 cases of the spine（7.31%）. Conclusion Most of the pre-hospital emergency trauma patients in Wenzhou city are young and middle-aged， with more males than females. The time of high incidence of trauma is the rush hours in the morning and evening， and July is the highest occurrence month. Most of the patients have no underlying diseases. The traffic injury trauma type is common and the limbs are the most vulnerable parts.

[Key words] Pre-hospital emergency; Trauma; Epidemiology; Traffic accident injuries

根据世界卫生组织（World health organization，WHO）报道，创伤占全世界死亡原因的10%和残疾原因的16%，位列人类死亡原因的第四位[1]。全世界因创伤死亡的人群比例正在上升，每年仅道路交通事故就造成140万人死亡[2]。多数严重创伤为高能量损伤，常导致高死亡率和高致残率[3]。普遍认为，创伤后1 h是抢救患者的黄金时间[4]，进而将创伤后10 min称为“白金十分钟”[5]。在对急性创伤患者实施院前急救时，最重要的是在最短时间内将患者送至救治场所，使其尽快得到治疗。……