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上海气温趋势与突变分析

2021-03-22李新月

科技创新导报 2021年30期

李新月

摘要:气温的变化影响着人们的生活和发展,气温的趋势和突变研究是气候变化的一个热点问题。通过参数方法线性回归,累积距平法和滑动t检验,非参数方法Mann—Kendall突变检验和有序聚类分析对上海1980年至2020年的年平均气温,冬季和夏季年平均气温和极端天气出现的天数进行分析。上海近41年的平均气温是呈显著上升趋势的,并且每年以平均0.063℃的速度上升,而突变发生的时间是20世纪90年代末和2016年,冬季的平均气温突变的时间是20世纪80年代中期和20世纪90年代末,而夏季的平均气温和极端天气出现的天数得到的突变时间都是2000年前后。春季和秋季的气温与全年的平均气温变化情况相差不大,并且可以对其做一元线性回归,其气温倾向率分别是0.077℃/年、0.061℃/年。

关键词:Mann—Kendall突变检验;有序聚类分析;滑动t检验;累积距平法

Analysis of temperature trend and abrupt change in Shanghai

LI Xinyue

Shanghai University of International Business and Economics Songjiang Shanghai Province 201600 China

Abstract: The change of temperature affects people's life and development, and the study of temperature trends and abrupt changes is a hot issue of climate change. The parameter method of linear regression, cumulative anomaly method and sliding t test, and non-parametric method of Mann-Kendall test and ordered cluster analysis are used to analyze the annual average temperature, the average temperature in winter and summer and days of extreme weather of Shanghai from 1980 to 2020. In the past 41 years, the average temperature of Shanghai has shown a significant upward trend, and it has risen at an average rate of 0.063°C each year, however the abrupt changes occurred in the late 1990s and 2016, the average temperature in winter abruptly occurred in the mid-1980s and late 1990s, and the average temperature in summer and the number of days of extreme weather are both around 2000. There is little difference between the temperature in spring and autumn and the average temperature in the whole year, and it can be linear regression, and the temperature tendency rate is 0.077, 0.061℃/year, respectively.

Key words: Mann-Kendall test, Ordered cluster analysis, Sliding t test, Cumulative anomaly method

近年來,全球变暖已经成为全世界的热点,政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第五次评估报告明确指出[1],近30年以来全球气温总体上呈现出更加显著的变暖趋势,并且极端气候事件发生的频率和强度也不断上升[2]。本文研究位于中国东南沿海的上海的气温。

对于序列数据的趋势分析和突变检验,自20世纪中期就有国内外的专家学者进行研究分析[3]包括参数统计方法和非参数统计,参数方法有线性回归法[4],滑动t检验法[5],累积距平法,滑动f检验法,Cramer法和Yamamot法;主要的非参数方法有Pettitt突变检验,Mann—Kendall突变检验,滑动秩和检验和有序聚类分析法[6]。

1 研究……

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