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锂离子电池多孔碳纳米材料的绿色制备及其性能研究

2021-03-22刘东旭张磊鲁晓泰

科技创新导报 2021年30期

刘东旭 张磊 鲁晓泰

摘要:目前,锂离子电池电极材料的可选择性较多,其中多孔碳纳米材料由于其出色的性能而被广泛采用。虽然多孔碳纳米材料综合性能较为突出,但是在制备过程中二氧化碳(CO2)等温室气体排放是不可避免的。为实现多孔碳纳米材料绿色制备,本文提出了加热诱导氢化钙(CaH2)吸收二氧化碳(CO2)的方法制备出多孔碳纳米材料,同时对其性能进行了研究。结果表明:该材料在充放电循环期间表现出优异的充放电性能、高比容量,且在循环过程中稳定性较好,具有良好的可逆性。同时,具备低扩散阻抗性能加大了电子转移效率。

关键词:锂离子电池;多孔碳纳米材料;金属氢化物;制备

Study on Green Preparation and Performance of Porous Carbon Nanomaterials for Lithium Ion Batteries

LIU Dongxu1,ZHANG Lei2,LU Xiaotai2

(1. Harbin Wohua Intelligent Power Generation Equipment Co., Ltd., Harbin Heilongjiang Province,150001 China

2. Heilongjiang Yuanbo Information Technology Co., LTD, Harbin Heilongjiang Province,150001 China)

Abstract: At present, there are many selectivity of electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries, among which porous carbon nanomaterials are widely used due to their excellent performance. Although the comprehensive performance of porous carbon nanomaterials is outstanding, the emission of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other greenhouse gases is inevitable during the preparation process. In order to realize the green preparation of porous carbon nanomaterials, this paper proposes a method of heating-induced calcium hydride (CaH2) to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) to prepare porous carbon nanomaterials, and at the same time its performance is studied. The results show that the material exhibits excellent charge-discharge performance, high specific capacity during the charge-discharge cycle, and has good stability and good reversibility during the cycle. At the same time, it has low diffusion resistance and increases the electron transfer efficiency.

Keywords: Lithium-ion battery; Porous carbon nanomaterials; Metal hydride; Preparation

能源短缺一直是我国面临的焦点问题,为降低不可再生能源的消耗,一次能源逐渐取代化石燃料进入人们的生活中,然而这些能源不能实现随取随用[1]。因此二次可充放蓄电池具备使用限制低、可循环性、可回收再生等优点,而被广泛研究和应用。

目前,应用最多、技术最成熟的可充电蓄电池包括铅酸蓄电池、锂离子蓄电池、镍氢(NiMH)和镍镉(NiCd)蓄电池[2]。其中,锂离子电池表现出的优越性能而被用于各个领域。在便携式电源的应用方面,文献[3]简述了锂离子电池在手机、车载充电器、固定充电器的应用情况。在公共交通运输方面,文献[4]概述了锂离子电池在电动车辆应用的情况。在军工方面,文献[5-6]分别对锂离子电池在潜艇上的应用进行了详细的分析并介绍了航天用锂离子电池的应用概况。……

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