尤佳琪 李国庆

摘要 ：拟康宁木霉菌株T51是从土壤中分离得到的一株优秀生防菌株，在前期的研究与应用中表现出对番茄灰霉病的良好防效。本文研究了T51菌株的PDB发酵液对灰葡萄孢的抑菌活性，结果表明T51发酵液在0.5%的低浓度下的抑菌率达到52.1%，与高浓度（10%）发酵液的抑菌率（59.7%）没有显著差异。当发酵液浓度下降为0.05%时失去抑菌活性。T51摇培至第5天时的发酵液的抑菌活性稳定。T51发酵液中的抑菌物质对高温不敏感，沸水浴处理10 min后抑菌活性没有明显降低。T51发酵液pH为3.3，呈酸性，当调节pH至7时，发酵液抑菌活性从57.89%下降到46.61%。T51发酵液能够显著抑制灰葡萄孢侵染番茄叶片后产生的病斑大小，接种后叶片病斑直径比对照减小53.9%。

关键词 ：拟康宁木霉T51; 灰葡萄孢; 生物防治; 抗真菌活性

中图分类号：

Q 939.92文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019560

Antifungal activity of Trichoderma koningiopsis T51

cultural filtrate against Botrytis cinerea

YOU Jiaqi1， LI Guoqing2*

（1. Horticultural Research Institute， Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Shanghai 201106， China;

2. State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology， Huazhong Agricultural University， Wuhan 430070， China）

Abstract ：Trichoderma koningiopsis T51， a promising biological control agent against gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea， was isolated from soil. The antifungal activity of the cultural filtrates （CF） of isolate T51 in potato dextrose broth （PDB） was determined. The results showed that 0.5% of T51 CF showed high antifungal activity against B.cinerea， with an inhibition percentage of 52.1%， not significantly （P>0.05） different from that in the treatment with 10% CF （59.7%）. The T51 CF lost the antifungal activity at the concentration of 0.05%. The antifungal activity of the T51 CF did not continue increase when incubated for more than 5 days. The antifungal metabolites of T51 appeared thermostable， as the CF in the treatment at 100℃ for 10 min still showed antifungal activity. Ambient pH value greatly affected the antifungal activity of the T51 CF： when the pH value of the CF was adjusted from 3.3 to 7.0 with NaOH， the inhibition percentage was decreased from 57.89% to 46.6%. The CF of T51 showed strong inhibition against infection by B.cinerea on tomato leaves， the size of the average leaf lesion was decreased by 53.9% by the T51 CF compared to that in the control.

Key words ：Trichoderma koningiopsis T51; Botrytis cinerea; biological control; antifungal activity

灰葡萄孢Botrytis cinerea是一种寄主范围广，传播能力强，侵染快，危害重的植物病原真菌，能够引起1 400多种植物的灰霉病[1]。由于常见栽培作物都缺少对灰霉病的抗性品种，灰霉病的防治主要依赖于大量重复施用农药。但是过度使用化学农药会造成环境污染及农药残留等危害[2]，因此，随着人们环保意识提高，迫切地需要新型绿色环保的防治措施，例如生物菌剂以及生物源农药等。除了生物活菌剂外，多种生防菌产生的次级代谢物质对灰葡萄孢有抑制作用，例如芽胞杆菌[3]、链霉菌[4]、黄柄曲霉[5]、木霉[68]、粉红黏帚霉[9]等，一些植物提取物也对灰葡萄孢有显著抑菌效果[10]。

木霉Trichoderma spp.是一类世界分布的土壤习居丝状真菌，因为对多种植物病害有良好的生防潜力而被广泛研究。木……