雷楠 顾里阳 曹小红 张致谦 王彦辉 李静波 金晨钟 刘秀

摘要 ：为明确有机硅对五氟磺草胺防治稗草的增效作用和增效机理，本研究采用室内与田间试验测定有机硅助剂对五氟磺草胺的增效作用，并采用滴重法和HPLC方法分别探索有机硅对五氟磺草胺药液表面张力和吸收的影响。室内生测表明，有机硅对五氟磺草胺防治稗草具有显著的增效作用。当五氟磺草胺用量为7.5 g/hm2，有机硅添加浓度为0.04%时，稗草的致死率和干重抑制率分别提高32.0百分点和39.6百分点;有机硅用量与增效效果非正相关。田间试验表明，有机硅对五氟磺草胺增效作用明显，对五氟磺草胺低剂量的增幅优于其高剂量的增幅;机理研究表明有机硅能够显著降低五氟磺草胺溶液的表面张力，增强稗草叶面对五氟磺草胺的吸收。

关鍵词 ：杂草防控; 稗草; 五氟磺草胺; 有机硅

中图分类号： S 451.21

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019570

Synergism of organosilicon on Echinochloa crusgalli control with penoxsulam

LEI Nan1#， GU Liyang1#， CAO Xiaohong1， ZHANG Zhiqian1， WANG Yanhui2，

LI Jingbo1*， JIN Chenzhong1， LIU Xiu1

（1. Hunan University of Humanities， Science and Technology， Collaborative Innovation Center for Field Weeds Control，

Loudi 417000， China; 2. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biology for Crop Diseases and Insect Pests， Nanning 530007， China）

Abstract ：In order to understand synergistic effect and mechanism of organosilicon on barnyard grass control with penoxsulam， greenhouse and field experiments were conducted， and drop weight and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） methods were adopted to investigate effect of organosilicon adjuvant on liquid surface tension and uptake of penoxsulam. Indoor experiment showed that organosilicon significantly synergized penoxsulam， with increase of 32.0 percentage points in plant mortality and 39.6 percentage points in inhibition rate of dry weight when penoxsulam was used at 7.5 g/hm2， and organosilicon concentration was 0.04%， compared to penoxsulam treatment alone. Moreover， organosilicon concentration was not positively correlated to its synergism efficacy. Field experiment revealed that organosilicon had better synergism at the lower penoxsulam rate than that at the higher rate. Organosilicon evidently reduced surface tension of penoxsulam solution and enhanced uptake of penoxsulam in barnyard grass leaves.

Key words ：weed control; Echinochloa crusgalli; penoxsulam; organosilicon

水稻是我国第一大粮食作物，保证其产量与品质意义重大。水稻在生长发育过程中面临严重的杂草威胁，例如：稗草Echinochloa crusgalli在水稻田中广泛分布，危害严重[13]。除草剂是目前防治水稻田杂草的主要手段。五氟磺草胺作为水稻田广谱除草剂，田间应用性良好[45]。有机硅（organosilicones）也称硅酮，农用有机硅类助剂是一类聚醚改性的有机硅[6]，在农业上一般作为喷雾助剂使用，施药时混入，改良药液的物理性质。有机硅作为配方助剂使用较少[79]。本研究以稗草为防治对象，研究有机硅对五氟磺草胺的增效作用及机理。……