刘何春 姚小波 李杨 雷雪萍 王文峰

摘要 ：通過田间小区试验，开展了6种病毒抑制剂对西藏青稞上大麦黄矮病防治效果的研究。采用带毒蚜虫人工接种法，于青稞起身拔节期每株接种10～15头带毒麦长管蚜，7 d后灭蚜，灭蚜后3 d喷施病毒抑制剂，在成株期出现黄矮病症状后调查病株率、病情指数、防治效果，以及长势和产量。结果表明，6种病毒抑制剂对青稞上大麦黄矮病有不同程度的防治效果，其中6%寡糖·链蛋白WP、0.5%香菇多糖AS和8%宁南霉素AS防治效果分别为65.38%、52.41%和50.11%;处理后的青稞有不同程度的增产，其中6%寡糖·链蛋白WP、0.5%香菇多糖AS和40%烯·羟·吗啉胍SP处理增产率分别为78.44%、53.22%、27.42%。综合本文结果表明，6%寡糖·链蛋白WP、0.5%香菇多糖AS对西藏大麦黄矮病有较好的防治效果和增产率。

关键词 ：大麦黄矮病; 病毒抑制剂; 防效; 长势; 产量

中图分类号： S 482.2; S 432.41

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020184

Control efficacy of six plant virus inhibitors on barley yellow dwarf disease in Tibet

LIU Hechun1，2， YAO Xiaobo1，2*， LI Yang1，2， LEI Xueping1，2， WANG Wenfeng2，3

（1. Agriculture Research Institute， Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences， Lhasa 850032， China; 2. Lhasa Crop Pest Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs， Lhasa 850032， China; 3. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment， Tibet Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences， Lhasa 850032， China）

Abstract ：Control efficacy of six plant virus inhibitors on barley yellow dwarf disease of highland barley were evaluated in Tibet. The experiments were carried out to inoculate Barley yellow dwarf virus to the highland barley leaves at the stage of standing to jointing with viruliferous aphids （Sitobion miscanthi）. Each plant was inoculated with 10 to 15 viruliferous aphids. Aphids were killed with imidacloprid 10% WP seven days after inoculation， and all plants were sprayed three days later with plant virus inhibitors. Investigation of disease index， growth， and yield showed that six plant virus inhibitors have different degrees of control effect on barley yellow dwarf disease of highland barley. When treated by oligosaccharins·plant activator protein 6% WP， fungous proteoglycan 0.5% AS， and ningnanmycin 8% AS， the control efficacies on barley yellow dwarf disease were 65.38%， 52.41% and 50.11%， respectively. Compared with water treatment， the increase rate of barley yields were 78.44%， 53.22% and 27.42%， respectively， when treated by oligosaccharins·plant activator protein 6% WP， fungous proteoglycan 0.5% AS， and enadenine·oxyenadenine·moroxydine hydrochloride 40% SP. The above results indicate that oligosaccharins·plant activator protein 6% WP and fungous proteoglycan 0.5% AS have good control effect on barley yellow dwarf disease in Tibet.

Key words ：barley yellow dwarf disease; plant virus inhibitor; control efficacy; crop growth; grain yield

大麦黄矮病（barley yellow dwarf disease，BYD）是世界各地最重要且分布最广泛的麦类作物病毒病害，是包括大麦（青稞）、小麦和燕麦等作物在内的多种禾谷类作物的主要病害之一。作物感染黄矮病毒后，表现出植株矮缩、叶片黄化和有效分蘖减少等症状，从而导致减产[1]。

近年来，大麦黄矮病在西藏青稞上时有发生。2011年拉薩达孜县、墨竹工卡县的春青稞大麦黄矮病发病面积100余公顷，2016年曲水县冬青稞‘冬青18发病面积70余公顷，发病田减产30%～50%[23]。大麦黄矮病造成了青稞严重减产，甚至绝收，且导致青稞产量与品质不同程度下降，严重影响西藏青稞生产的可持续发展[23]。目前西藏自治区主要通过适当调整播期、施用化学农药防控传毒介体麦蚜等措施进行病害防治[2]。……