李颖 王耀生 杨宁 冯良山 邹晓锦 龚道枝 张哲 赵凤艳

摘要 ：在遼西风沙半干旱地区，开展了人工接种茎腐病病原菌条件下覆膜滴灌施用多菌灵和戊唑醇防治玉米茎腐病效果研究。结果表明：滴灌施用50%多菌灵WP和25%戊唑醇WP对玉米茎腐病防治效果均在54%以上，两年平均防效最高的是25%戊唑醇可湿性粉剂140 g/667 m2滴灌处理，达到72.60%，平均产量为948.94 kg/667 m2，与接种不施药处理相比显著增产59.92%，50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂60、120 g/667 m2滴灌处理防效分别为54.79%和67.99%，平均产量分别为755.24、810.43 kg/667 m2;不同药剂处理间玉米穗长、百粒重差异显著;每667 m2滴灌施用多菌灵可增加收入218.68元/年。滴灌施用戊唑醇和多菌灵可有效防治玉米茎腐病，显著提高产量和效益。

关键词 ：水药一体化; 玉米茎腐病; 杀菌剂; 防效; 产量要素

中图分类号： S 435.131

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019554

Effect on stalk rot control and yield of mulching film maize by drip irrigation system with fungicides

LI Ying1，2， WANG Yaosheng1，3， YANG Ning1，2*， FENG Liangshan2， ZOU Xiaojin4，

GONG Daozhi1，3， ZHANG Zhe2， ZHAO Fengyan2

（1. Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming and WaterSaving Agriculture， MOA， Beijing 100081， China;

2.Tillage and Cultivation Research Institute， Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Professional

Technology Innovation Center for Dryland Farming and Waterefficient Farming of Liaoning Province，

Shenyang 110161， China; 3. Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture， Chinese

Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100081， China; 4. Environmental Resources and Rural Energy

Research Institute， Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Shenyang 110161， China）

Abstract ：Effects of fungicides carbendazol and tebuconazole on the control efficiency of maize stalk rot and maize yield were investigated by field experiment of chemigation under plastic film in the sandstorm semiarid area of western Liaoning province. The results showed that the control efficacy of stem base rot was above 54%. The control efficacy of tebuconazole 25% WP at 140 g/667 m2 of chemigation was up to 72.60%， and the average yield reached to 948.94 kg/667 m2， with the yield increase rate of 59.92% significantly higher than that of inoculation without treatment. The control efficacies and the average yields of carbendazim 50% WP at 60 g/667 m2 and 120 g/667 m2 of chemigation were 54.79% and 67.99%，755.24 kg/667 m2 and 810.43 kg/667 m2， respectively. The ear length， ear diameter and 100kernel weight of maize were significantly different among the different fungicides treatments. Chemigation with carbendazim can increase the income and benefit by ￥218.68 per 667 m2 each year. Chemigation with tebuconazole and carbendazim can effectively control maize stalk rot and significantly increase the maize yield and production efficiency.

Key words ：chemigation; maize stalk rot; fungicide; control efficacy; production element

长期以来，我国农业用水粗放、农药过量施用、施药方式落后等引起的农业生态环境污染和水药利用率过低是农业生产面临的突出问题。在我国新时代农业供给侧改革倡导的“一控两减三基本”和“节肥节药”政策实施后，节水省药、节本增效的施药灌溉方式成为现代农业绿色发展的必然趋势。“水药一体施药”，也称作 “化学灌溉”（chemigation）[12]，是借助压力灌溉系统使得药剂随灌溉水一起按时、均匀、准确地输送到作物根际[3]。按照作物生长需求把水分和适合的药剂定量、定时地直接提供给作物。与传统的灌溉和喷雾施药方式相比，“水药一体化”提高了灌溉水利用率，减少了药剂施用量，减少农业面源污染，增加了药剂利用率和时效性，减轻了传统灌溉与施药劳动强度，降低了有毒物质的吸入风险[4]，可实现高效控制病虫草害[56]，促进农业可持续发展。……