孙海燕 原征 疏燕 张兴 张爱香 陈怀谷

摘要 ：为明确不同杀菌剂防治小麦赤霉病和叶锈病的效果，在大田条件下进行了不同杀菌剂对这两种病害的防治试验。对小麦赤霉病的防效结果表明：25%氰烯菌酯SC、20%叶菌唑SC、48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC和200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC的防效较好，防效为83.54%～88.92%;其次为400 g/L戊唑·咪鲜胺EW和430 g/L戊唑醇SC，防效为71.87%和73.31%;50%多菌灵WP的防效仅为58.05%。对小麦叶锈病的防效调查结果表明：30%丙硫菌唑SC、40%丙硫·戊唑醇SC和430 g/L戊唑醇SC的防效较好，防效为84.78%～88.33%;其次275 g/L氟唑菌酰羥胺·丙环唑SE、48%氰烯·戊唑醇SC、40%叶菌·戊唑醇SC和400 g/L戊唑·咪鲜胺EW，防效范围为79.66%～81.56%;200 g/L氟唑菌酰羟胺SC和50%多菌灵WP的防效为69.36%和39.33%。从防治效果、两种病害兼防以及延缓抗药性等方面综合考虑，氰烯·戊唑醇、氟唑菌酰羟胺·丙环唑、丙硫·戊唑醇、叶菌·戊唑醇等交替使用是防治小麦赤霉病和叶锈病比较好的策略。

关键词 ：小麦; 小麦赤霉病; 小麦叶锈病; 杀菌剂; 防治效果

中图分类号： S 435.12

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019547

Control efficacy of different fungicides against Fusarium head blight and leaf rust in wheat

SUN Haiyan1， YUAN Zheng1，2， SHU Yan1， ZHANG Xing1， ZHANG Aixiang1， CHEN Huaigu1*

（1. Institute of Plant Protection， Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanjing 210014， China;

2. College of Plant Protection， Nanjing Agricultural University， Nanjing 210095， China）

Abstract ：Field trials have been carried out to determine the control efficacy of different fungicides against Fusarium head blight and leaf rust in wheat. Phenamacril 25% SC， metconazole 20% SC， phenamacril·tebuconazole 48% SC and pydiflumetofen 200 g/L SC had the best control effect on Fusarium head blight， with the efficacy from 83.54% to 88.92%， then followed by tebuconazole·prochloraz 400 g/L EW and tebuconazole 430 g/L SC， with the efficacy of 71.87% and 73.31%， respectively. Carbendazim 50% WP was the weakest， with the efficacy of 58.05%. prothioconazole 30% SC， prothioconazole·tebuconazole 40% SC and tebuconazole 430 g/L SC had the best control effect on leaf rust， with the efficacy from 84.78% to 88.33%， then followed by pydiflumetofen·propiconazole 275 g/L SE， phenamacril·tebuconazole 48% SC， metconazole·tebuconazole 40% SC and tebuconazole·prochloraz 400 g/L EW， with the efficacy from 79.66% to 81.56%. Pydiflumetofen 200 g/L SC was weaker， with the efficacy of 69.36%， and carbendazim 50% WP was the weakest with the efficacy of only 39.33%. Taken into account the control efficacy and fungicide resistance， alternative application of phenamacril·tebuconazole， pydiflumetofen·propiconazole， metconazole·tebuconazole and prothioconazole·tebuconazole are considered to be good solutions for Fusarium head blight and leaf rust control in wheat.

Key words ：wheat; Fusarium head blight; leaf rust; fungicide; efficacy

小麦赤霉病（wheat head blight）是我国小麦生产上最具威胁的流行性病害之一。该病害的流行不仅可造成小麦大幅度减产，还可导致脱氧雪腐镰孢菌烯醇（DON）等多种毒素污染谷物，严重威胁人和动物的健康。我国小麦赤霉病以往主要发生于长江中下游冬麦区以及东北春麦区。近年来，由于气候变暖和秸秆还田等的影响，小麦赤霉病迅速向黄淮麦区蔓延[13]。小麦叶锈病（wheat leaf rust）也是小麦生产上的重要病害之一，在世界各麦区均有发生且危害严重。由于各麦区栽培品种、发病早晚不同，该病害造成的产量损失也不同，一般在7%～30%，严重时达50%以上。……