4种杀鼠剂对高原鼠兔适口性及防控效果
2021-03-12根呷羊批周俗杨孔扎德李开章严林杨树晶
根呷羊批 周俗 杨孔 扎德 李开章 严林 杨树晶



摘要 :為了筛选适用于高寒草地鼠害及鼠荒地治理的高效、安全的控鼠药剂,本试验选用氟鼠灵(A1)、胆钙化醇(A2)、地芬诺酯·硫酸钡(A3)、D型肉毒梭菌毒素(A4)4种杀鼠剂,在若尔盖县高寒草地典型分布区域针对高原鼠兔Ochotona curzoniae进行适口性及种群密度控制效果试验研究。结果表明:氟鼠灵被采食的重量显著高于地芬诺酯·硫酸钡(P<0.05),而与胆钙化醇被采食量和D型肉毒梭菌毒素相比没有显著差异(P>0.05),采食率从高到低依次为氟鼠灵(92.5%)>D型肉毒梭菌毒素(88.91%)>胆钙化醇(80.00%)>地芬诺酯·硫酸钡(66.33%);施药5 d后,D型肉毒梭菌毒素、氟鼠灵对高原鼠兔密度的控制效果相对较好;施药2个月后,氟鼠灵和D型肉毒梭菌毒素的灭洞率仍然显著高于其他两种药剂,灭洞率由高到低依次为氟鼠灵(91.31%)>D型肉毒梭菌毒素(85.79%)>胆钙化醇(70.47%)>地芬诺酯·硫酸钡(56.57%)。综合分析,氟鼠灵在适口性和防控高原鼠兔种群密度方面都优于其他3种药剂,更具使用和推广意义。
关键词 :杀鼠剂; 适口性; 防控效果; 高原鼠兔
中图分类号: S 812.6
文献标识码: B
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019664
Palatability and control effects of four types of rodenticide on plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)
GEN Gayangpi1, ZHOU Su2*, YANG Kong1*, ZHA De3, LI Kaizhang3, YAN Lin4, YANG Shujing4
(1. Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China; 2. Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences,
Chengdu 611731, China; 3. Zoige County Bureau of Science, Technology and Agriculture and Animal
Husbandry, Aba Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, Aba 624500, China; 4. Aba Prefecture
Grass Technology Research and Promotion Center, Sichuan Province, Aba 624000, China)
Abstract :In order to screen efficient and safe rat control agents applicable to rodent damaged grassland, four rodenticides including flocoumafen (A1), cholecalciferol (A2), diphenoxylate barium sulfate (A3) and Dtype kreotoxin (A4) were selected to investigate the palatability and population density control effects of Ochotona curzoniae in typical distribution areas of alpine grasslands in Ruoergai county. Results showed that the intake weight of flocoumafen was significantly higher than that of diphenoxylate barium sulfate (P<0.05), but no significant difference with the intake weight of cholecalciferol and Dtype kreotoxin (P>0.05). The intake rates (from high to low) were ranked as flocoumafen (92.5%)> Dtype kreotoxin (88.91%)>cholecalciferol (80.00%)>diphenoxylate barium sulfate (66.33%). After treatment for five days, the density of O.curzoniae was controlled more effectively with Dtype kreotoxin and flocoumafen. After treatment for two months, the hole killing efficiences of flocoumafen and Dtype kreotoxin were still significantly higher than those of the other two agents. The hole extermination rates (from high to low) were ranked as flocoumafen (91.31%)>Dtype kreotoxin (85.79%)>cholecalciferol (70.47%)>diphenoxylate barium sulfate (56.57%). Based on comprehensive analysis, flocoumafen prevailed over other three agents in palatability and control effect on O.curzoniae population density and are worthier of application and promotion.
Key words :rodenticide; palatability; control effect; plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae)
高原鼠兔Ochotona curzoniae为青藏高原高寒地区特有种,关于高原鼠兔在高寒草原生态系统中的作用,目前尚未完全定论[1]。一些学者认为高原鼠兔仍是高寒草原生态系统中的一种重点物种[2]。适宜的鼠类种群可维持青藏高原生物多样性,发挥其不可替代的作用,有益于整个生态系统向健康的方向发展[3]。同时,鼠类作为自然演替链条的重要组分,是猛禽和肉食兽的重要食物资源[4];高原鼠洞的高密度对土壤结构有破坏作用,但适度的鼠洞密度,则能改善土壤的渗透性,增加土壤的稳定性。废弃洞道也可以为其他小型……
