98%棉隆颗粒剂土壤处理对甘肃陇南低海拔川道区小麦田有害生物发生及产量的影响
2021-03-12曹世勤王万军贾秋珍曹辛未封继红王晓明孙振宇
曹世勤 王万军 贾秋珍 曹辛未 封继红 王晓明 孙振宇



摘要 :2018年-2019年在甘肃省农业科学院植物保护研究所甘谷试验站,选用土壤熏蒸剂棉隆进行土壤消毒防治小麦全蚀病、地下害虫和田间杂草。结果表明,98%棉隆颗粒剂75~450 kg/hm2处理对麦田地下害虫的防效达到100%,对小麦全蚀病的防效为64.71%~100%,对小麦田杂草的鲜重防效为75.24%~89.81%,小麦增产幅度为4.44%~15.31%。综合投资效益并结合小麦产值比,建议选用75~225 kg/hm2施用量,可达到较好的控害、增效作用。
关键词 :土壤消毒; 棉隆; 小麦; 土传; 有害生物
中图分类号: S 451.221
文献标识码: B
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019579
Effect of soil fumigation by dazomet 98% GR on wheat pests and yield at low attitude area of southern Gansu province
CAO Shiqin1,2,3, WANG Wanjun4, JIA Qiuzhen1,2,3, CAO Xinwei5,
Feng Jihong5, WANG Xiaoming1,2,3, SUN Zhenyu1,2,3
(1. Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2. Scientific Observing
and Experimental Station of Crop Pests in Tianshui, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs, Tianshui 741200, China;
3. National Agricultural Experimental Station for Plant Protection at Gangu, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianshui
741200, China; 4. Gangu Testing Station, Tianshui Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Gansu Province, Tianshui 741200,
China; 5. Boshengyuan Ecological and Science & Technology Limited Company, Lanzhou 730070, China)
Abstract :In this study dazomet 98% GR was used for soil fumigation to control wheat takeall disease, underground insect pests and weeds at Gangu Testing Station, Institute of Plant Protection, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences during 2018-2019. The results showed that, the control efficacy of dazomet 98% GR at 75-450 kg/hm2 was 100% for underground pests, 64.71%-100% for takeall disease, and 75.24%-89.81% for fresh weight of weeds, and the yields increased by 4.44%-15.31%. According to comprehensive analysis, treatment by dazomet 98% GR at 75-225 kg/hm2 was recommended at low attitude area of southern Gansu province.
Key words :soil disinfection; dazomet; wheat; soil borne; pests
研究發现,甘肃陇南生境复杂,气候条件十分适宜于小麦条锈病、白粉病、黄矮病、全蚀病及麦蚜、地下害虫、麦红蜘蛛和麦田阔叶杂草等20余种小麦有害生物猖獗为害[1]。在甘肃陇南低海拔川道区的小麦田,全蚀病、地下害虫和农田杂草等田间土栖或土壤传播危害的有害生物更是常年高发、频发,严重危害当地小麦生产。采用化学农药进行药剂拌种(种子包衣)或发生期喷药是防治此类有害生物最有效的措施。尽管这些技术目前在生产中得到广泛应用,但在甘肃陇南,种植小麦的效益相对偏低,药剂拌种(种子包衣)措施应用仍然难度较大。从近年来我国农药使用现状看,施药不精准、农药利用率偏低,除草剂药害时有发生[24]。土壤熏蒸法进行土壤有害生物源头治理,对改善农田生态环境、显著减少田间化学农药使用量和降低劳动成本,提高单位产量和效益具有较好的现实意义。……
