李进 张军高 刘鹏飞 周小云 杜鹏程 刘梦丽 雷斌

摘要 ：为明确4种复合型种衣剂对棉花苗期主要病虫害的防治效果和经济效益，以‘新陆早41号为试材，采用田间小区试验，研究400 g/L福美双·萎锈灵种子处理悬浮剂（FS）、26%多菌灵·福美双·甲基立枯磷FS、25%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵FS和30%噻虫嗪·嘧菌酯·咪鲜胺FS对棉花出苗、苗期立枯病和红腐病、地下害虫、苗期蓟马、蚜虫和产量的影响，分析其防治病虫害的效果及经济效益，以期筛选出田间试验效果最佳的种衣剂。结果表明：播种10 d时4种种衣剂处理的出苗率显著优于对照，较对照增加6.64%～19.23%，播种30 d时4种种衣剂对苗期立枯病和红腐病防治效果分别为30.88%～50.74%和31.13%～59.15%，对棉花地下害虫和蓟马的防治效果分别为39.24%～69.62%和39.12%～63.04%。棉花上蚜蟲发生时间推迟1～3 d。400 g/L福美双·萎锈灵FS防病效果最佳，25%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵FS防虫效果最佳。种衣剂处理收获株数较对照增加0.78%～1.11%，增产量为53.70～184.40 kg/hm2，经济效益为322.20～1 106.40元/hm2，投入产出比为1∶5.65～1∶12.29。综合分析显示，25%噻虫嗪·咯菌腈·精甲霜灵FS防治苗期病虫害和增产效果较好，具有推广应用价值。

关键词 ：棉花; 种衣剂; 病虫害; 防治效果; 经济效益

中图分类号： S 435.62

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019578

Control effects and economic benefits of four kinds of seed coating formulations

on the major diseases and insect pests at the stage of cotton seedling

LI Jin1， ZHANG Jungao1， LIU Pengfei2， ZHOU Xiaoyun1， DU Pengcheng1，3， LIU Mengli1，3， LEI Bin1*

（1. Institute of Nuclear Technology and Biotechnology， Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Key

Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Desert Oasis Region， Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs，

Urumqi 830091， China; 2. College of Plant Protection， China Agricultural University， Beijing 100193， China;

3. College of Agriculture， Xinjiang Agricultural University， Urumqi 830052， China）

Abstract ：In order to determine the control effects and economic benefits of four kinds of seed coating formulations on the major diseases and insect pests at the stage of cotton seedling， ‘Xinluzao 41 was used as the test material in the field experiment. We investigated the effects of thiram·carboxin 400 g/L FS， carbendazim·thiram·tolclofosmethyl 26% FS， thiamethoxam·fludioxonil·metalaxylM 25% FS and thiamethoxam·azoxystrobin·prochloraz 30% FS on the cotton emergence， cotton Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium moniliforme， underground pests， cotton thrips， aphids and yield， analyzed the control effects on pests and economic benefits to screen out the best seed coating formulation in field experiment. Results showed that the tested four kinds of seed coating formulations significantly increased the seedling emergence rate by 6.64%-19.23% after being sowed for 10 days. The control efficacies of four kinds of seed coating formulations on cotton R.solani and F.moniliforme， underground insects， thrips were 30.88%-50.74%， 31.13%-59.15%， 39.24%-69.62% and 39.12%-63.04%， respectively. The occurrence time of cotton aphids were delayed by one to three days. Thiram·carboxin 400 g/L FS had the best control effect on the diseases， while thiamethoxam·fludioxonil·metalaxylM 25% FS had the best control effect on the insect pests. After being treated with seed coating formulations， the number of cotton harvested plants was increased by 0.78%-1.11% compared with the control， the increased production was 53.70-184.40 kg/hm2， economic benefits was 322.20-1 106.40 yuan/hm2， and the inputoutput ratio was 1∶5.65-1∶12.29. Comprehensive analysis showed that thiamethoxam·fludioxonil·metalaxylM 25% FS was recommended to be popularized and applied for its better effect on controlling diseases and insect pests and increasing cotton yield.

Key words ：cotton; seed coating formulation; plant disease and insect pest; control effect; economic benefit

棉花Gossypium hirsutum L.是新疆重要的经济作物，尤其是新疆南部深度贫困地区农民经济收入的重要来源[1]。近年来，人工劳务、农药化肥及配套物资等植棉成本持续上涨，精量播种技术已成为新疆棉花轻简化栽培技术体系建设的关键构件[2]。长期连作和设施栽培为病原菌和地下害虫提供生存場所，播种期低温冷害和苗期“倒春寒”引起苗期病害加剧，致使新疆棉花精量播种过程中种衣剂的选择应用尤为重要[36]，筛选适合新疆特殊生态棉区精量播种栽培模式下病虫兼防种衣剂成为亟待解决的生产需求。……