贾芳 崔海兰 李香菊 于惠林

摘要 ：蒼耳Xanthium strumarium和藜Chenopodium album是常见的两种阔叶杂草，其在玉米田发生严重，影响了玉米的生长和产量。本文利用整株生物测定法对我国东北及黄淮海玉米产区采集到的苍耳及藜种群对草甘膦的敏感性进行了测定。种子室内培养至5～6叶期，喷施草甘膦后14 d称量鲜重，计算抑制杂草种群50%个体生长的草甘膦剂量（GR50）。草甘膦对10个苍耳种群GR50在54.87～249.75 g/hm2，平均值为（111.53±20.02）g/hm2，均低于450 g/hm2（1/2倍推荐剂量），表明10个苍耳种群均对草甘膦敏感;草甘膦对33个藜种群GR50范围在97.05～920.86 g/hm2，平均值为（313.88±24.70）g/hm2，93%的种群GR50低于450 g/hm2，表明绝大多数藜种群对草甘膦比较敏感，仅发现一个藜种群GR50大于900 g/hm2（田间推荐剂量），表明其对草甘膦具有一定耐受性。

关键词 ：杂草; 玉米; 草甘膦; 敏感性

中图分类号： S 451.22

文献标识码： B

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019596

Sensitivity of two broadleaf weeds Xanthium strumarium and Chenopodium album to glyphosate in corn fields

JIA Fang， CUI Hailan， LI Xiangju， YU Huilin*

（Institute of Plant Protection，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Beijing 100193，China）

Abstract ：Xanthium strumarium and Chenopodium album are two common broadleaf weeds， and their occurrence seriously affected corn growth and reduce yield in corn fields. In our study the whole plant bioassay was used to determine the sensitivity to glyphosate of ten populations of X.strumarium and 33 populations of C.album collected from two major corn producing areas， Northern China and Huanghuaihai. The seeds of two weeds were sowed in greenhouse， and the glyphosate was applied at the 56 leaf stage of the weeds. 14 days after glyphosate application， fresh weight of plants was weighted and GR50 values were calculated， respectively. GR50 values of glyphosate to ten populations of X.strumarium ranged from 54.87 to 249.75 g/hm2 with the average value of （111.53±20.02）g/hm2， which were lower than 450 g/hm2 （1/2 recommended dose）， showing that all populations of X.strumarium were sensitive to glyphosate. Among C.album populations， GR50 values ranged from 97.05 to 920.86 g/hm2 and its average value was （313.88±24.70）g/hm2. The GR50 values of 93% C.album populations were less than 450 g/hm2， indicated that the vast majority of C.album populations were sensitive to glyphosate. And only one population of C.album showed a GR50 value of above 900 g/hm2 （recommended dose）， indicating that it had a certain degree of tolerance to glyphosate.

Key words ：weed; corn; glyphosate; sensitivity

玉米是重要的粮食、经济和饲料作物，在我国农业生产和国民经济中占据重要地位。杂草的发生与危害是制约玉米高产的重要因素[1]。玉米田杂草的防除主要依赖于化学防除，然而近年来越来越多的抗除草剂（包括莠去津和乙酰乳酸合成酶抑制剂等）杂草种类被发现[2]，不但降低了除草效果还增加了除草成本[3]。自1996年美国孟山都公司首次推出转基因抗草甘膦（glyphosateresistant，GR）大豆以来，使得灭生性除草剂草甘膦应用于作物田，杀死杂草而不伤害作物，除草方式不但变得简单灵活，而且提高了除草效果、降低了除草成本，近年来随着全球转基因技术研究与产业应用快速发展，种植转基因抗除草剂玉米已成为玉米田杂草防除的一个重要手段。……