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吉林省黄芪害虫种类调查

2021-03-12孙艳梅张忠宝崔娟

植物保护 2021年1期

孙艳梅 张忠宝 崔娟

摘要 :为掌握吉林省黄芪害虫种类及为害情况,通过现场调查和人工饲养的方法历时5年时间对黄芪害虫进行了调查研究。结果表明:吉林省黄芪害虫32种,分属于4目18科。其中20种害虫首次报道为害黄芪,5种为吉林省新记录种。描述了豆蚜Aphis craccivora、豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum、黄芪根瘤象Sitona simillimus、多刺鞘蛾Coleophora plurispinella、苇实夜蛾Heliothis maritima、棉双斜卷蛾Clepsis pallidana和红珠灰蝶Lycaeides argyrognomon等7种黄芪主要害虫的为害特点、形态特征及发生时间;并配有生态图像。

关键词 :黄芪; 害虫种类; 为害特点

中图分类号: R 931.2

文献标识码: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019562

Investigation on species of Astragalus mongholicus pests

SUN Yanmei, ZHANG Zhongbao, CUI Juan*

(Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin 132101, China)

Abstract :This study aims to clarify the species and occurrence of Astragalus mongholicus pests in Jilin province. Field investigation and indoor feeding were used to survey the pest species and occurrence for five years. The results showed that there were 32 species of pests in the region belonging to 18 families in four orders, among them 20 species were first reported to attack A.mongholicus and five species were first reported in Jilin province. The damage characteristics, morphological characteristics and occurrence regularity of seven major pests of A.mongholicus, namely Aphis craccivora, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Sitona simillimus, Coleophora plurispinella, Heliothis maritima, Clepsis pallidana and Lycaeides argyrognomon, were described. Their photos were also provided.

Key words :Astragalus mongholicus; pest species; damage characteristics

黃芪属豆科黄芪属多年生根用植物,为大宗使用的补益类要药,也是吉林省规模化种植的道地药材之一。生产上黄芪病虫害种类多,从苗期到收获期均有发生,对其生产及产品质量管控带来挑战。药用植物栽培起步较晚,病虫害研究相对薄弱,有关黄芪病虫害的文献较少,仅内蒙古、北京[1]、河北[2]及黑龙江北安[3]地区有黄芪病虫害种类报道,而吉林省未见相关研究。各地气候、地理、品种等栽培条件不同,其害虫组成也存在差别,为掌握吉林省黄芪害虫发生的情况,笔者分别于2010年-2011年、2015年-2017年累计5年时间对栽培黄芪害虫种类及发生时期等情况进行了调查研究,以期对黄芪害虫的综合治理提供依据。

1 材料与方法

1.1 调查地点

调查地点为吉林农业科技学院左家校区中药资源圃(44°03′06″N,126°06′10″E,1985年建园)、九站校区中药资源圃(43°57′08″N,126°28′12″E,2008年建园)、九站校区中药科研生产园(43°57′11″N,126°28′18″E,2010年建园)和中国农业科学院特产研究所农业部长白山野生生物资源观测站(44°02′48″N,126°05′39″E,)共4个中药种植园。……

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