尹艳琼 齐国君 李向永 赵雪晴 谌爱东

摘要 ：為研究云南稻区香型软米水稻品种对白背飞虱Sogatella furcifera（Horváth）及其主要捕食性天敌黑肩绿盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis和蜘蛛发生动态的影响，以地方香型软米水稻品种‘云恢290‘文稻11号‘红香软7号为供试品种，‘Taichung Native 1（TN1）为感虫对照，系统调查了白背飞虱、黑肩绿盲蝽和蜘蛛种群田间发生量。结果表明：大田期3个香型软米水稻品种上田间虫量均略超过‘TN1，表现为感虫;水稻分蘖期白背飞虱的峰期虫量2 500～3 863头/百丛，其中低龄若虫占80%以上。捕食性天敌田间种群数量与对照差异不显著，黑肩绿盲蝽发生高峰期比白背飞虱滞后1周，而蜘蛛田间种群数量随生育期逐渐上升，在水稻成熟期达最大值。在白背飞虱发生高峰期，益害比接近1∶40。分蘖期低龄若虫对后期的发生量有重要影响，是防治关键期;水稻拔节期至蜡熟期可充分利用黑肩绿盲蝽、蜘蛛等天敌对白背飞虱的控制作用。

关键词 ：香型软米; 白背飞虱; 黑肩绿盲蝽; 蜘蛛; 种群动态

中图分类号： S 435.11， S 476.2

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019616

Population dynamic of whitebacked planthopper and its predatory natural enemies on fragrant and soft rice varieties in Yunnan province

YIN Yanqiong1， QI Guojun2， LI Xiangyong1， ZHAO Xueqing1， CHEN Aidong1*

（1. Agriculture Environment and Resources Institute， Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Kunming 650205， China;

2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection，Plant Protection Research Institute，

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Guangzhou 510640， China）

Abstract ：In order to clarify the effects of fragrant and soft rice varieties on the population dynamic of Sogatella furcifera and its dominant predatory natural enemy， Cyrtorhinus lividipennis and spiders， we investigated the population amount of whitebacked planthopper （WBPH） and C.lividipennis and spiders in the field， taking ‘Yunhui 290 ‘Wendao 11 and ‘Hongxiangruan 7 as the test varieties and ‘Taichung native 1 （TN1） as the control. The population amount of WBPH on three fragrant and soft rice varieties was larger than that on the ‘TN1， indicating that these fragrant and soft rice varieties were sensitive to WBPH. In the tillering stage， the peak amount was 2 500-3 863 per 100 hills and more than 80% was young nymphs. There was no significant difference of predatory natural enemies between the tested varieties and control. Peak time of C.lividipennis was one week later than that of whitebacked planthopper， while the spider population gradually increased with the time and reached the maximum at rice maturity period. Natural enemies and ratio of pest was close to 40∶1 at the peak time of WBPH. Young nymphs in tillering stage played the key role of population amount of WBPH in rice at late stage， and should be the key time for WBPH management. From jointing stage to waxing stage， whitebacked planthopper population can be controlled effectively by making full use of natural enemies such as C.lividipennis and spiders.

Key words ：fragrant and soft rice; Sogatella furcifera; Cyrtorhinus lividipennis; spider; population dynamic

云南从海拔76 m 的河口县到2 700 m 的永宁镇均有稻作分布， 是世界公认稻种遗传多样性和生态多样性中心[12]，其中版纳、临沧、文山和红河等不仅是稻种优异种质的富集地，还是特优质香型软米水稻的原产地[34]。香型軟米是云南特有的一种籼型优质米，广南遮放、八宝米米质柔软、香糯可口，是历代朝廷贡米[56]。20世纪80年代以来， 以云南水稻育种单位为主的农业科研机构，把IR系列品种水稻的优良性状基因导入云南香型软米老品种进行改良， 育成了近30个香味浓郁、米质柔软的新品种[6]。……