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小麦网腥黑穗病温室内人工接种方法的探索

2021-03-12秦丹丹王俊高海峰李宁静吴伟刘太国陈万权高利

植物保护 2021年1期

秦丹丹 王俊 高海峰 李宁静 吴伟 刘太国 陈万权 高利

摘要 :小麦网腥黑穗病是由小麦网腥黑粉菌Tilletia caries引起,会导致小麦严重减产。为了获得小麦网腥黑穗病较高的发病率,本研究利用穗部接菌、土壤接菌、根部接菌3种方法进行温室内人工接种小麦。结果表明,利用穗部接菌及土壤接菌发病率分别为52.5%和10%,而根部接菌发病率仅有4%。利用穗部接菌可以获得更多的发病植株,为更好地研究寄主与病原的互作关系奠定了基础。

关键词 :小麦网腥黑粉菌; 人工接菌; 温室; 发病率

中图分类号: S 435.121.44

文献标识码: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019563

Exploring of the artificial inoculation methods of Tilletia caries

QIN Dandan1, WANG Jun2, GAO Haifeng3, LI Ningjing2, WU Wei4,LIU Taiguo1, CHEN Wanquan1, GAO Li1*

(1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy

of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. Plant Protection Station of Xinjiang

Uygur Autonomous Region,

Urumqi 830049, China; 3. Institute of Plant Protection, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Urumqi 830091,

China; 4. Agricultural Technology Promotion Station of Xinyuan County, Xinjiang, Yili 835800, China)

Abstract :Tilletia caries can lead to common bunt of wheat and it can causes severe wheat yield reduction. In order to obtain the diseased plants of T.caries, three methods including tassel inoculation, soil inoculation and root inoculation were used to artificially inoculate in greenhouse. The results showed that disease incidence with tassel inoculation and soil inoculation was 52.5% and 10%, but the disease incidence with root inoculation was only 4%. More diseased plants can be obtained by using tassel inoculation, which lays a foundation for better research on the interaction between the host and the pathogen.

Key words :Tilletia caries; artificial inoculation; greenhouse; diseaseincidence

小麦腥黑穗病是世界性病害,在春小麦及冬小麦上都有发生,遍布世界小麦种植区[1]。在我國常见的是Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. & C. Tul.引起的小麦网腥黑穗病和Tilletia foetida (Wall.) Liro引起的小麦光腥黑穗病。小麦网腥黑穗病主要发生在江苏、山西、山东、河南等地,被黑龙江、山东、河南、天津等多省市列为补充植物检疫性有害生物[2]。在小麦成熟期,病穗中几乎都是呈籽粒状的孢子团(菌瘿),成熟的孢子团全部由冬孢子组成并被薄且修饰过的子房壁包被形成典型的菌瘿,菌瘿比正常小麦的籽粒圆、大[3]。小麦成熟末期,干燥的菌瘿呈近球形,破碎后的冬孢子呈块状[46]。感染腥黑粉菌之后的小麦麦粒散发臭鱼腥味,并且释放出有毒的三甲胺类物质,严重影响小麦品质,给小麦生产带来巨大损失[79]。目前国内对于小麦网腥黑穗病的研究较少,探究温室条件下人工接种获得发病植株的方法,对于研究该病菌的致病性及与寄主的互作机理具有重要意义。……

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