贾静怡 张玮 燕继晔 徐海英 孙磊 李兴红

摘要 ：本研究通过对叶盘保湿方法的改进，不同菌源接种后发病严重度的分析，抗、感病对照品种的确定，建立了一种更为便捷、可靠、稳定的葡萄白粉病室内抗性鉴定方法：取葡萄藤自上而下第2～4片幼嫩叶片，打取直径15 mm的叶盘置于1.5%水琼脂平板进行保湿，采集田间菌源直接制备孢子浓度为2×105个/mL的孢子悬浮液接种，选定抗、感病葡萄品种做对照，14 d即可完成抗性鉴定。采用此方法对11个葡萄品种（品系）进行了葡萄白粉病抗性评价，结果表明：供试的11个品种（品系）对葡萄白粉病的抗性存在明显差异，其中高感品种为‘巨峰‘夏黑和‘阳光玫瑰等，感病品种为‘玫瑰香和‘马瑟兰，抗病品种为‘瑞都科美和‘无核翠宝，高抗品種为‘北冰红。试验结果为葡萄抗病品种的选育及利用提供了方法和基础参考数据。

关键词 ：葡萄白粉病; 品种; 抗性鉴定

中图分类号： S 436.631.1

文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019630

Optimization of grapevine powdery mildew resistance identification methods and evaluation of variety resistance

JIA Jingyi1，2， ZHANG Wei1， 2， YAN Jiye1， 2， XU Haiying3， SUN Lei3， LI Xinghong1， 2*

（1. Institute of Plant Protection and Environmental Protection，Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences，

Beijing 100097， China; 2. Beijing Key Laboratory for Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in

North China， Beijing 100097， China; 3. Beijing Academy of Forestry and Pomology Sciences， Beijing 100093， China）

Abstract ：Through the improvement of leaf disc moisturization methods， analysis of the severity of disease after inoculation with different strains， and identification of resistant and susceptible varieties， a more convenient， reliable and stable laboratory resistance identification method on grapevine powdery mildew was established. The method is as follows： collect the 2-4 young leaves of the vine from top to bottom， make leaf discs using a borer with 15 mm diameter， place the leaf discs on a 1.5% water agar plate for moisturizing purpose， prepare the spore suspension directly with the conidia on the diseased leaves collected from the field， inoculate at the concentration of 2×105 conidia/mL， select resistant and susceptible grape varieties as the control， and resistance identification could be completed within 14 days. Resistance evaluation of 11 grape varieties （lines） to grapevine powdery mildew by this method showed that the resistance of the tested 11 varieties （lines） was significantly different. The highly susceptible varieties were ‘Kyoho ‘Summer Black ‘Shine Muscat etc.， the susceptible varieties were ‘Muscat and ‘Marselan， the resistant varieties were ‘Ruidu Kemei and ‘Nuclear Cuibao， the highly resistant variety was ‘Arctic Red. The resistant evaluation results provide method and basic reference data for screening and utilization of grapevine powdery resistant varieties.

Key words ：grapevine powdery mildew; variety; resistance identification

葡萄是世界上种植最广泛的水果作物之一[1]。国际葡萄与葡萄酒组织OIV（Organisation Internationale de la Vigne et du Vin）发布的《2017年全球葡萄种植面积分析及预测》显示，截至2017年，世界葡萄种植面积约为760万hm2，我国葡萄种植面积约为87万hm2。而我国主要的栽培品种一般对真菌病害的抗性表现不佳[2]。葡萄白粉病（grapevine powdery mildew）是葡萄栽培中最重要的真菌病害之一，在欧洲葡萄种植历史上与葡萄霜霉病（grapevine downy mildew）和葡萄根瘤蚜Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch并为三大病虫害，曾导致法国的葡萄酒生产减产80%[3]。葡萄白粉病由白粉菌Erysiphe necator引起，可危害葡萄叶片、茎、果实等，除导致大幅减产外，还会影响果实及葡萄酒的品质[46]。……