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不同方法对14个苜蓿品种抗蚜评价分析

2021-03-12潘凡杜桂林赵莉王卓谦乔茗瑛李金星綦家欣涂雄兵张泽华

植物保护 2021年1期
关键词:评价方法

潘凡 杜桂林 赵莉 王卓谦 乔茗瑛 李金星 綦家欣 涂雄兵 张泽华

摘要 :本试验研究了抗蚜株率、感蚜指数和改进的感蚜指数3种评价方法对14个苜蓿品种抗蚜评价的影响。结果表明:以抗蚜株率为标准,‘甘农9号抗性最好;以感蚜指数为标准,‘阿尔冈金抗性最好。而采用改进后的感蚜指数评价方法可将14个苜蓿品种分为7个等级,其中‘WL319为高感品种,‘巨能Ⅱ为感虫品种,‘新牧4号‘甘农5号‘WL354‘WL363为低感品种,‘新牧1号为中间品种,‘甘农9号为低抗品种,‘MF4020为中抗品种,‘中苜1号‘WL343‘阿尔冈金‘苜蓿王‘SK3010为高抗品种。改进后的感蚜指数评价方法符合“1±0.1”等差数列分级标准,使不同抗性级别符合正态分布,具有统计学意义。同时,该方法充分考虑了天敌对蚜虫发生量的影响,在生产实践中具有重要的推广应用价值。

关键词 :苜蓿; 抗虫性; 评价方法

中图分类号: S 451.9

文献标识码: A

DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019548

Effects of different methods on resistance evaluation of 14 alfalfa cultivars to aphid

PAN Fan1#, DU Guilin2#, ZHAO Li3, WANG Zhuoqian3, QIAO Mingying3,LI Jinxing3, QI Jiaxin3, TU Xiongbing1*, ZHANG Zehua1*

(1. State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese

Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; 2. National Animal Husbandry Station, Beijing

100125, China; 3. College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China)

Abstract :Effects of three methods on resistance evaluation of 14 alfalfa varieties to aphid were investigated. The results show that the resistance of ‘Gannong 9 is the best with the evaluation standard of the rate of resistant plants, and the resistance of ‘Algonquin is the best with the evaluation standard of aphid index. Based on the improved aphid index evaluation method, 14 alfalfa varieties were divided into 7 grades, ‘WL319 as high susceptible, ‘Juneng Ⅱ as susceptible,‘Xinmu 4‘Gannong 5‘WL354and‘WL363as low susceptible, ‘Xinmu 1as tolerant, ‘Gannong 9 as low resistant; ‘MF4020 as moderately resistant,‘Zhongmu 1 ‘WL343 ‘Algonquin ‘Alfaking and ‘SK3010 as high resistant. The improved aphid index evaluation method conforms to the grading standard of “1±0.1” arithmetic sequence, making different resistance levels conform to normal distribution, with statistical significance. At the same time, this method takes into full account the influence of aphid amount, which is of important value in production practice.

Key words :alfalfa; insect resistance; evaluation method

紫花苜蓿 Medicago sativa是世界上栽培最早、分布最广,利用价值最高的一种多年生优质豆科牧草, 享有“牧草之王”的美誉,具有产量高, 根系发达,保水培肥、改善土壤结构等特点, 是北半球温带地区最主要的牧草, 在畜牧业生产中有着不可替代的作用[1]。随着苜蓿种植面积的不断扩大以及产业化程度的提高,苜蓿面临的病虫害风险也有所增加。大面积的集约化种植为虫害的发生提供了有利条件[2]。蚜虫是为害苜蓿的重要害虫之一。在新疆地区苜蓿地发生的蚜虫主要有苜蓿斑蚜Therioaphis trifolii Monell、豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris和苜蓿蚜Aphis craccivora Koch等。其中苜蓿斑蚜分布較广,为害严重,为优势种群,常分布在叶片反面和嫩梢,分泌毒素杀死苜蓿幼苗和成熟的植株。……

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