黄禹禹 顾祥鹏 彭孝琴 陈国华 齐国君 张晓明 陶玫

摘要 ：南亞实蝇Bactrocera tau （Walker）是一种重要的入侵性农业害虫。主要分布在我国云南、广东、四川和河南等地，南亚实蝇的为害严重降低了蔬菜和水果的品质。短时极端温度是影响南亚实蝇种群的重要因子。为了明确短时高低温对南亚实蝇的影响，通过选择12 h的短时低温（-4、0、4、8℃）及12 h的短时高温（34、38、42、46℃），在实验室条件下系统研究短时高低温胁迫对南亚实蝇种群生长发育和繁殖的影响。结果表明，在短时高/低温处理后，南亚实蝇各虫态的存活率随着处理温度的升高/降低逐渐下降;随着处理短时高/低温的升高/降低，南亚实蝇发育历期、产卵前期和后代性比逐渐增加;随着短时高温处理温度的升高，雌雄成虫的寿命先延长后缩短，单雌产卵量逐渐减少;随着短时低温处理温度的降低，雌雄成虫的寿命逐渐缩短，单雌产卵量先增加后减少。短时高温和短时低温均对南亚实蝇的生长发育和繁殖有着不利的影响，但一定的低温（8℃）处理后对雌成虫繁殖力有一定的促进作用。

关键词 ：南亚实蝇; 高温; 低温; 生长发育; 繁殖

中图分类号：

S 433文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2020113

Effects of shortterm high and low temperature on the development and reproduction of Bactrocera tau （Walker）

HUANG Yuyu1， GU Xiangpeng1， PENG Xiaoqin1， CHEN Guohua1，QI Guojun2， ZHANG Xiaoming1*， TAO Mei1*

（1. College of Plant Protection， Yunnan Agricultural University， National Key Laboratory for Conservation and

Utilization of Biological Resources in Yunnan， Kunming 650201， China; 2. Guangdong Provincial Key

Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection， Research Institute of Plant Protection，

Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Guangzhou 510640， China）

Abstract ：Bactrocera tau （Walker） is an important agricultural invasive insect pest. It is mainly distributed in Yunnan， Guangdong， Sichuan and Henan provinces of China. The serious damage of B.tau can reduce the quality of vegetables and fruits. The shortterm extreme temperature is an important factor affecting the population of B.tau. In order to determine the effect of shortterm high and low temperature on the growth， development and reproduction of B.tau， the effects of shortterm low temperature （-4， 0， 4， 8℃） for 12 hours and shortterm high temperature （34， 38， 42， 46℃） for 12 hours were studied under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the survival rates of all stages gradually decreased with the increase and decrease of the treatment temperature after shortterm high and low temperature treatments. The developmental period， preoviposition period， single female oviposition， longevity and the sex ratio of offspring were significantly affected by the treatments. The developmental period， sex ratio and preoviposition period gradually increased with increasing/decreasing temperature; the longevity of male and female adults initially increased and then decreased， while the single female oviposition gradually decreased with increasing treatment temperature. Meanwhile， their longevity gradually decreased and the single female oviposition increased and then decreased with decreasing treatment temperature. Overall， the shortterm high and low temperature had negative effects on the growth， development and reproduction of B.tau. This could slightly promote the reproduction of females in a certain range of shortterm low temperature （8℃）.

Key words ：Bactrocera tau; high temperature; low temperature; growth; development; reproduction

南亚实蝇Bactrocera tau （Walker），隶属双翅目Diptera实蝇科Tephritidae寡鬃实蝇属Dacus Fabricus，1992年寡鬃实蝇属被修订为果实蝇属Bactrocera Macquart，南亚实蝇也称为南亚果实蝇和南亚寡鬃实蝇，俗名瓜蛆、蹦蹦虫、黄蜂子。南亚实蝇于1849年在福建省首次报道，但在很长一段时间内没有造成较大为害[1]。至今，南亚实蝇已在亚洲的热带和亚热带以及南太平洋地区有分布，近年在我国随着水果蔬菜等农产品的频繁贸易和调运，迅速扩散，目前为止已经在云南、广东、四川和河南等多个省分布和为害[25]。……