王士林 李雪 雷哓晖 顾炀 HERBST Andreas BONDS Jane 吕晓兰

摘要 ：噴杆喷雾机具有作业效率高、雾滴覆盖率高、沉积分布均匀、防治效果好等优点，是目前大田作物最主要的施药机具。但受作物冠层遮挡和侧风等气象条件的影响，导致喷杆喷雾机作业时雾滴难以穿透到植株中下部并伴随飘失。为改善喷杆喷雾机喷雾雾滴在作物冠层的穿透性并降低飘移量，本文优化设计了一种适用于大田作物的喷杆喷雾机冠层推拨装置。并分别使用两种喷头（标准扇形雾喷头ST11002、射流喷头IDK12002）对该装置的减飘性和在小麦上的沉积特性进行了对比试验。结果表明：该冠层推拨装置对标准扇形雾喷头ST11002的减飘效果强于射流喷头IDK12002，其减飘效果分别为59.0%和9.5%;冠层推拨装置可以提高药液的沉积率，对于ST11002喷头可增加18.0%，IDK12002喷头增加了8.6%;同时该推拨装置对小麦植株的推拨作用增加了雾滴向冠层中下方的穿透效果，有利于药液在植株上的均匀沉积。

关键词 ：喷杆喷雾机; 推拨装置; 飘失; 雾滴; 沉积

中图分类号：

S 491文献标识码： A

DOI： 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019541

Influences of canopypushing plate on droplet drift and deposition characteristics of boom sprayer

WANG Shilin1，2， LI Xue1，2， LEI Xiaohui1， GU Yang1， HERBSTAndreas3， BONDS Jane4， L Xiaolan1，2*

（1. Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment， Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences， Nanjing 210014， China;

2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River， Ministry of Agriculture and

Rural Affairs， Nanjing 210014， China; 3. Institute for Chemical Application Technology of JKI， Braunschweig D38104，

Germany; 4. Bonds Consulting Group LLC， Panama City Florida 32408， USA）

Abstract ：Boom sprayer is one of the most important sprayers for field crops due to its advantages of high working efficiency， droplet coverage， uniform droplet distribution and good biological control effect. However， due to the density of plant canopy and meteorological conditions such as crosswind， the droplets are very difficult to penetrate into the middle and lower parts of the plant and tend to drift into nontarget areas. In order to improve the penetrability of droplets in crop canopy and reduce the potential spray drift of boom sprayer， a canopypushing plate of boom sprayer was designed and optimized. Two kinds of nozzles （standard flat fan nozzle ST11002 and air injection nozzle IDK12002） were used to compare the characteristics of drift reduction and droplet deposition on wheat between conventional boom sprayer and canopypushing plate boom sprayer. The results showed that the pushing plate could effectively reduce drift， and the effect on the standard flat fan nozzle ST11002 was stronger than on the air injection nozzle IDK12002. The drift reduction rates in ST11002 and IDK12002 nozzle were 59.0% and 9.5%， respectively. The canopypushing plate could increase the deposition rate of spray liquid by 18.0% for the ST11002 nozzle and 8.6% for the IDK12002 nozzle. Whats more， the canopypushing plate could also improve the penetration effect of droplets into the lower parts of canopy， which is favorable for the uniform deposition of the spray liquid on the plant.

Key words ：boom sprayer; canopypushing plate; drift; droplet; deposition

喷杆喷雾机的作业效率高，药液喷洒均匀、防治效果好，因此被广泛用于小麦、水稻、玉米等大田作物的病虫草害防治[12]。随着我国农业种植规模的不断扩大，喷杆喷雾技术发挥了越来越重要的作用并成为了国内应用最为广泛的植保机具，目前国内约有52.25%的农户选择自走式喷杆喷雾机进行田间施药[34]。

然而，喷杆喷雾机在进行施药作业时，其喷雾扇面内的细小雾滴极易在周围气流的胁迫之下运动至远离靶标区域的范围，造成农药的飘失与浪费、降低病虫害的防治效果，甚至会引起非靶标区域作物药害以及环境污染等问题[57]。……