杂草对激素类除草剂抗药性研究进展
2021-03-12谷涛李永丰张自常杨霞曹晶晶杨倩
谷涛 李永丰 张自常 杨霞 曹晶晶 杨倩



摘要 :农田杂草严重影响作物的产量和品质,对除草剂的过度依赖和长期使用,使杂草对除草剂的抗性问题日益突出。目前已有262种杂草(152种双子叶和110种单子叶)的512个生物型对23类中的167个除草剂产生抗性。激素类除草剂作为除草剂的重要成员,为禾谷类作物田的杂草防除提供了保障,然而在使用了几十年后,44种杂草对此类除草剂产生了抗药性。本文对激素类除草剂的分类应用、除草机理、抗性现状、抗性机理等进行了综述,以期为激素类除草剂的应用和抗激素类除草剂杂草的防除提供参考。
关键词 :杂草; 激素类除草剂; 抗药性; 抗性机理
中图分类号:
S 481, S 482.4文獻标识码: A
DOI: 10.16688/j.zwbh.2019595
Research progress in weed resistance to auxin herbicides
GU Tao, LI Yongfeng*, ZHANG Zichang, YANG Xia, CAO Jingjing, YANG Qian
(Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China)
Abstract :Weeds in farmlands seriously affect the yield and quality of crops, and the weed resistance has become a serious problem due to prolonged use and overreliance on limited herbicides. At present, 512 biotypes of 262 weeds (152 dicots and 110 monocots) have evolved resistance to 167 herbicides with 23 different sites of action. Auxin herbicides, as one of the important herbicides, provide a critical tool for weed control in cereal crops. However, 44 weed species have developed resistance to them after decades of continuous use. In this paper, the classification and application, weed control mechanism, resistance status and resistance mechanism on auxin herbicides were systematically summarized, in order to provide a reference for the application of auxin herbicides and control of resistant weeds.
Key words :weeds; auxin herbicides; herbicide resistance; resistance mechanism
杂草是农田生态系统中非有意识栽培的植物。全球有杂草8 000多种,对农业生产造成危害的有2 500余种[1]。我国幅员辽阔,气候多样,杂草种类庞杂。迄今为止,我国已发现农田杂草1 400多种,其中641种列入《中国主要农作物杂草名录》,分属89科374属;这些杂草中,对我国农业生产造成严重危害的杂草有130余种,恶性杂草37种[2]。多数杂草生长迅速、根系发达、繁殖能力突出,在农田生态系统中具有较强的竞争能力,它们与作物竞争水分、养分和光照,严重影响农作物的产量和品质[3]。人类在栽培作物的过程中,与杂草进行了长期的斗争,经历了从“徒手拔草”的人工除草时代到今天以化学除草为主,生态、物理方法为辅的综合治理阶段。我国使用化学除草剂始于20世纪70年代,此后大量的化学除草剂从国外引进,国内化学除草剂的品种日益丰富。……
