试论期刊引文数据开放中的权利冲突与解决对策
2021-03-08周春雷袁扬王晓丹
周春雷 袁扬 王晓丹
摘 要:[目的/意義]以期刊引文数据为例,探讨引文数据开放过程中相关主体间的权利冲突及缘由,促进引文数据开放共享。[方法/过程]从期刊引文数据生产—消费过程入手,揭示各相关主体应有的权利,分析其权利冲突现状及成因,并提出解决对策。[结果/结论]围绕开放引文数据问题,发现数据库商的知识产权、数据处置权与学术共同体的数据知情权、自治权存在尖锐冲突,但并非不可调和。可采取完善相关政策、激发数据库商的开放动力、提高学术界的数据权利意识、共建开放型引文数据平台等措施来化解数据库商与学术共同体的权利冲突。
关键词:期刊;引文数据;开放引文;开放获取;信息权利;权利冲突
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1008-0821.2021.03.013
〔中图分类号〕G203 〔文献标识码〕A 〔文章编号〕1008-0821(2021)03-0131-07
The Rights Conflict and Solutions in Opening Citation Data of Journals
Zhou Chunlei1,2 Yuan Yang1 Wang Xiaodan1
(1.School of Information Management,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,China;
2.Zhengzhou Data Science Research Center,Zhengzhou 450001,China)
Abstract:[Purpose/Significance]This article takes journal citation data as an example to discuss the rights conflicts and its results of related subjects in the process of citation data opening,and aims to promote the open sharing of citation data;[Methods/Process]Starting from the production-consumption process of journal citation data,the article revealed the rights that each relevant subject,analyzed the current status and causes of their rights conflicts,and proposed solutions;[Results/Conclusions]Focusing on the issue of open citation data,the paper found that there was a sharp conflict between the intellectual property rights,data disposal rights of database vendors and the right to know and autonomy of the academic community,but it was not irreconcilable.We can take measures such as improving relevant policies,inspiring the open power of database vendors,raising the awareness of data rights in academia,and jointly building an open citation data platform to mitigate the conflict.
Key words:journals;citation data;open citation;open access;information rights;rights conflict
引文数据记录了正式学术交流的过程和结果,是发现、传播和评估学术知识的重要工具,也为考察学者的学术视野、知识消费偏好、知识生产链条提供了重要的痕迹依据。引文数据主要分布于各种商业性学术数据库之中,如WoS、Scopus、CNKI、万方、CSCD、CSSCI等。这些数据库的使用费用较为昂贵且常以封闭性授权模式为用户提供引文数据[1-2]。虽然Google Scholar、Microsoft Academic Search、百度學术等公共学术平台支持免费导出引文数据,但都需要遵循严格的使用条款[3]。研究者若想实施面向专题的引文分析,需整合来自不同数据源的引文数据并清洗,即便如此,最终数据也不尽完整,这使引文分析的结果很难全面反映真实的科研交流状况。……
