竭尽超　梁忠耀

摘 要：在发动机缸盖加工过程中，需要通过丝堵对缸盖水道进行密封装配，以保证发动机冷却系统的正常运行。在丝堵的装配工艺中，行业内多采用人工预装或通过排序机排序后再自动装配的方式，人工预装存在自动化率低的问题，而通过排序机排序则有导致丝堵碰伤、附着的螺纹胶损伤等质量风险。本文介绍的缸盖丝堵自动拧紧设备通过视觉系统定位，配合真空吸附柔性抓取机构，再通过中转装置进行丝堵方向转化，最终使用薄壁弹性夹爪夹紧丝堵拧紧的方案，从根本上提升丝堵装配工艺的自动化率并降低质量风险。

关键词：丝堵螺栓 自动拧紧 视觉系统 真空吸附

Engine Automatic Plug Bolts Tighten Equipment Based on Visual Design and Development

Jie Jinchao Liang Zhongyao

Abstract：In the process of engine cylinder head processing， it is necessary to seal and assemble the cylinder head channel through screw block to ensure the normal operation of engine cooling system. In the assembly process of wire plug， the industry mostly adopts the way of manual pre-assembly or automatic assembly after sorting by sorting machine. Manual pre-assembly has the problem of low automation rate， while sorting by sorting machine may lead to the quality risk of wire plug collision and damage of attached thread glue. The automatic screw tightening equipment of cylinder head introduced in this paper is positioned by the visual system， combined with the vacuum adsorption flexible grasping mechanism， and then the direction of screw plugging is transformed by the transfer device. Finally， the scheme of clamping screw tightening with thin-wall elastic gripper is adopted to fundamentally improve the automation rate of the screw plugging assembly process and reduce the quality risk.

Key words：plug bolt， automatic tighten， visual system application， vac-sorb

1 引言

缸蓋是发动机的重要组成部分，其安装在缸体上并与缸体密封形成燃烧室。燃烧室作为化学能转变的地点，承受极大的热负荷，所以需要在缸盖内部铸造有冷却水套，通过水循环将做功后的余热带走，而水套密封多采用丝堵或闷盖来。本文是对丝堵自动装配的工艺设备研究与应用。

本文自动装配的丝堵如图1所示，M22的螺纹表面附着有密封胶，并且在丝堵螺帽底部设计有软性密封带，作用是对水道进行密封，保证发动机冷却系统的运行。

在丝堵装配工艺中，行业内多采用通过排序机排序或人工预装后再自动装配的方式，通过排序机排序有导致丝堵碰伤、附着的螺纹胶损伤等质量风险，而人工预装除存在自动化率低的问题外。……