高璐 高磊 孙礼

摘要：  为研究汽车受侧风影响时风压中心线位置对整车操纵稳定性的影响，在CCM+软件中计算不同风速和不同流入角下的气动力，获得气动力与风速和车速的合速度以及流入角的初始关系曲线。利用MATLAB和Adams/Car联合仿真，搭建空气动力学和车辆动力学的双向耦合模型，以风压中心线与质心的距离为变量进行仿真分析。结果显示，随着风压中心线由质心前方移动到质心后方：在开环仿真工况中，车辆的侧向位移会减小，但是如果风压中心线位于车辆后方超过一定的距离，车辆会在气动力产生的横摆力矩作用下向另外一侧偏移;闭环仿真工况中，当风压中心线穿过车辆质心时，由于侧向力的存在，方向盘依然需要一个很小的转角以维持直线行驶，风压中心线需要继续后移以保证方向盘稳态时的回正。

关键词：  气动性; 操纵稳定性; 双向耦合; 风压中心线; 流入角; 质心; 侧风; 联合仿真

中图分类号：  U461.1;TB115.1文献标志码：  B

收稿日期： 2020-08-04修回日期： 2021-08-31

作者简介： 高璐（1986—），女，安徽庐江人，研究方向为车辆动力学，（E-mail） 416431884@qq.comInfluence of aerodynamics on handling stability based on

real time change of inflow angle

GAO Lu， GAO Lei， SUN Li

（CAE Department， Chery Automobile Co.， Ltd.， Wuhu 241000， Anhui， China）

Abstract： To study the influence of the position of the wind pressure center line on the handling and stability of the vehicle under the influence of crosswind， the aerodynamic forces under different wind speeds and inflow angles are calculated in CCM+ software， and then the initial relationship curves of aerodynamic force with wind speed， vehicle speed and inflow angle are obtained. Using the co-simulation of MATLAB and Adams/Car， a bidirectional coupling model of air aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics is established， and the distance between the wind pressure center line and center of mass is taken as the variable for simulation analysis. The results show that， as the wind pressure center line moves from the front of the mass center to the back of the center， the lateral displacement of the vehicle will be reduced in open loop simulation， however， while the wind pressure center line is located behind the vehicle for more than a certain distance， the vehicle will offset to the other side under the yaw moment generated by aerodynamic force. In closed-loop simulation， while the wind pressure center line passes through the vehicle centroid， due to the existence of lateral force， the steering wheel still need a small angle to maintain straight driving， and the wind pressure center line needs to continue to move backward to ensure the alignment of the steering wheel in steady state.

Key words： aerodynamics; handling stability; bidirectional coupling; wind pressure center line; inflow angle; centroid; crosswind; co-simulation

0引言汽車技术的发展、新材料和新工艺的应用，以及轻量化水平的提升，导致整车轮荷降低。为满足顾客的个性化追求，汽车造型不得不在气动性方面作一些牺牲。这些改变均对整车操控产生不利影响。为研究气动性对整车操控的影响，实现在不影响整体造型风格的前提下，提出有利于车辆稳定性的建议，部分学者尝试结合空气动力学和车辆动力学研究汽车的侧风稳定性，结果表明：侧风的大小、方向和波形等变化，均会对车辆的操纵稳定性产生较大影响[1-14]。……