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不同线路条件对车辆动力学性能的影响

2021-02-18齐心

计算机辅助工程 2021年4期

摘要:  为探查不同曲线半径和线路激励对车辆动力学性能的影响,应用动力学方法建立车辆-轨道系统动力学模型,计算各动力学评价指标的变化情况。研究结果表明:增加曲线半径有利于增加车辆通过曲线的安全性;车辆经过曲线线路连接处时脱轨概率较大,可重点考虑曲线线路连接位置车辆的运行状态;适当增大曲线半径可以减少轮轨间磨耗,有效降低车轮与轨道的磨耗速度;轨道激励变化对车辆临界速度的影响较大,可根据实际运行工况计算最佳临界速度范围。

关键词:  车辆-轨道系统; 曲线; 参数; 轨道激励; 动力学性能

中图分类号:  U213.213; TB115.1文献标志码:  B

Influence of different line conditions

on vehicle dynamic performance

QI Xin

(Department of State-Owned Assets, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China)

Abstract: To explore the influence of different curve radius and line excitation on the vehicle dynamic performance, the dynamic model of vehicle-track system is established using dynamic method, and then the change of each dynamic evaluation index is calculated. The results show that increasing the curve radius is conducive to increasing the safety of vehicles passing through the curve. The derailment probability is high when the vehicle passes through the curve line connection, so the  running state of the vehicle at the connection position of the curve line can be mainly considered. The wear between wheel and rail can be reduced by properly increasing the curve radius, and the wear speeds of the wheels and tracks can be reduced effectively. The change of track excitation has great influence on the critical speed of vehicles, and the optimum critical speed range can be calculated according to the actual operating conditions.

Key words: vehicle-track system; curve; parameters; track excitation; dynamic performance

收稿日期:  2021-08-17修回日期:  2021-09-08

基金项目:  江苏师范大学博士学位教师科研启动项目(19XSRX015)

作者简介: 齐心(1987—),女,辽宁锦州人,硕士,研究方向为车辆系统动力学,(E-mail)355444716@qq.com0引言车辆与轨道是相互作用的系统,车辆运行安全性与线路各参数联系紧密,即车辆必须在一定的线路条件下满足动力学性能要求[1]。高速铁路的线路设计需要满足行车安全平顺,保证旅客乘坐舒适,并兼顾线路维修方便[2]。轮轨间相互作用的加剧对线路设计提出更高要求,轨道线路由直线、缓和曲线和圆曲线组成,在不同线路条件下,轮轨接触状态时刻发生变化。在良好的线路设计下,车辆各动力学性能指标均在安全范围内,因此车辆横向和垂向动力学性能相对较好。选择合理的曲线参数不仅可以避免由于脱轨系数过大导致列车脱轨,而且可以提高曲线通过能力、改善轮轨间作用力、降低轮轨磨耗。……

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