滕海峰,李含琳

（中共甘肃省委党校（甘肃行政学院）,甘肃 兰州 730070）

With the support of national policies and all sectors of society,the relocation of poverty alleviation from inhospitable areas has completed the“spatial migration”of part of the rural poor population under the limited time and material resources,and made this part of the population start the development direction with the goal of“human development”in the new environment.The new environment refers to two kinds of situations:rural resettlement area and urban resettlement area.For the former,there have been clear policy attention,that is,to promote the implementation of rural revitalization strategy;however,at present,the national policies for the latter are relatively few,and the practical problems are more prominent,so new policy attention is more necessary.The practice shows that“spatial migration”has brought many fundamental changes to the migrants who move to cities and towns,but both opportunities and challenges coexist.For new changes and new challenges,we need a lot of policy innovation in optimizing the urban space structure,promoting the industry development,allocating scientifically urban and rural resources,optimizing the environment of market and supplying public education resource,in order to promote the construction of a long-term development mechanism of deep integration of the immigrants and the towns to which they moved in the areas of space,development,power,social and cultural integration,so as to achieve integrated development.

党的十九届五中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和二○三五年远景目标的建议》明确提出,“健全防止返贫监测和帮扶机制,做好易地扶贫搬迁后续帮扶工作,加强扶贫项目资金资产管理和监督,推动特色产业可持续发展”。易地扶贫搬迁作为精准扶贫精准脱贫“五个一批”之一,面临着政策红利持续发挥及后续帮扶工作政策支持的现实问题。

易地扶贫搬迁自实施以来,其搬迁安置方式主要有两种,一种是向条件较好的其他农村地区转移性就业,目标是农村安置区;另一种是向城镇地区转移性定居和生活,变成城镇经济的一部分。总体来讲,因安置区域和安置方式的不同,易地扶贫搬迁后续政策重点理应不同,有所区别。对于农村安置区的搬迁移民,主要应以农村居住和从事现代农业生产为特征,其政策转型方向是“接续推进全面脱贫与乡村振兴有效衔接,推动减贫战略和工作体系平稳转型,统筹纳入乡村振兴战略,建立长短结合、标本兼治的体制机制”[1]。目前已有中央和国家层面的政策关注与相对成熟的政策体系,各地都在积极贯彻落实。对于城镇（以下简称“迁入城镇”）安置的易地扶贫搬迁移民（以下简称“搬迁移民”）,主要应以城镇居住和从事非农产业为主要特征,其政策转型路径和着力点是促进搬迁移民与迁入城镇融合发展,政策目标是提升搬迁移民城镇化质量和迁入城镇的健康发展,最终实现人的城镇化和自由全面发展。……