环境因子对繁缕种子萌发的影响
2021-01-17于金萍刘亦学李琦张惟白鹏华
于金萍 刘亦学 李琦 张惟 白鹏华
摘要:繁缕[Stellaria media (L.) Vill.]逐渐成为天津设施蔬菜田中的恶性杂草,研究环境因子对其种子萌发的影响对预防及治理繁缕具有重要意义,开展了温度、pH值、干旱胁迫、盐胁迫、埋藏深度等对繁缕萌发的影响试验。结果表明,最适于繁缕种子萌发的温度为10 ℃,其次是15、5 ℃,随着温度升高,萌发率降低,芽长随温度升高而逐渐增加。10 ℃时,不同pH值(5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0)培养液处理之间种子萌发率无显著差异。在5、20 ℃时,不同pH值对繁缕种子萌发率有显著影响。较高浓度的NaCl、PEG(聚乙二醇)培养液及较深的埋藏深度,皆不利于繁缕种子的萌发。温度、埋藏深度、土壤状况(如盐分含量、pH值、干旱程度)均能影响繁缕种子萌发及幼苗的生长。
关键词:繁缕;种子萌发;环境因子
中图分类号:S451 文献标志码:A 文章编号:1003-935X(2021)03-0015-06
Abstract:Stellaria media (L.) Vill. has gradually become the worst weed in greenhouse vegetable fields of Tianjin. It is of great significance to study the influence of environmental factors on the weed for its prevention and control. Experiments were conducted on the seed germination of S. media under different temperatures,pH,drought stress,salt stress and burial depth. The optimum germination temperature was 10 ℃,followed by 15 ℃ and 5 ℃. The germination rate decreased but the bud length gradually increased with the increase of temperature. There was no significant difference in germination rate among different pH values (5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0) at 10 ℃,but there were significant difference at 5,20 ℃. The germination rate decreased at higher concentration of NaCl and PEG and the deeper burial depth. Temperature,burial depth,soil conditions (such as salt concentration,pH value,drought) can affect the seed germination and seedling growth of S. media.
Key words:Stellaria media (L.) Vill.;seed germination;environmental factor
繁缕(Stellaria media)为石竹科(Caryophyllaceae)繁缕属(Stellaria L.)一年或二年生草本植物[1],又名鹅肠草,发生于路旁、田间、溪边,为常见的田间杂草之一,全国各地均有发生。繁缕匍匐茎纤细平卧,节上生出多数直立枝,枝圓柱形,折断中空,茎表一侧有1行短柔毛,其他部分无毛。单叶对生,上部叶无柄,下部叶有柄,叶片卵圆形或卵形;花两性,花单生枝腋或呈顶生的聚伞花序;萼片5张,披针形;花瓣为5瓣,白色,短于萼片,2个深裂直达基部;雄蕊10个,花药紫红色后变为蓝色;子房卵形,花柱3~4个。蒴果卵形,先端6裂。种子多数,黑褐色,表面密生疣状小突点[2] 。
目前有关繁缕的研究主要集中在以下几个方面:一是关于小麦、油菜田等大田作物中除草方法及除草剂的研究。……
