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安徽省部分稻区稗草抗药性初探

2021-01-17张昊张勇潘月敏周凤艳姚传春韩云静

杂草学报 2021年3期

张昊 张勇 潘月敏 周凤艳 姚传春 韩云静

摘要:稗草是安徽省稻田主要的恶性杂草之一,近年来安徽省多地区稗草对市面上常用除稗剂均产生了一定的抗药性。为初步探明安徽省稻田稗草的抗性分布及机制,采集安徽省主要稻区稗草种群样本51份,通过室内生测法,施用二氯喹啉酸、双草醚、唑酰草胺和五氟磺草胺4种常用除稗剂,对稗草种群抗药性进行初筛。结果表明,安徽省主要稻区稗草对二氯喹啉酸的抗性频率最高,已达34.8%,对双草醚、五氟磺草胺、唑酰草胺的抗性频率则分别为21.7%、13.7%、9.8%。其中,有2个种群(2016B2和B24)对4种除稗剂都表现出明显抗药性,4个种群(B6、B7、B9、2015B1)对3种除稗剂均表现出抗药性,5个种群(B4、B11、B26、B27、2016B3)对2种除稗剂表现抗药性,有8个种群仅对1种除稗剂表现出抗药性(其中有6个种群仅对二氯喹啉酸表现出抗药性),其余32个种群没有检测到抗药性。

关键词:安徽省;稗草;除稗剂;二氯喹啉酸;抗药性

中图分类号:S451.2  文献标志码:A  文章编号:1003-935X(2021)03-0044-07

Abstract:Echinochloa spp. is one of the most important malignant weeds in rice fields in Anhui Province. In recent years,Echinochloa spp. has evolved resistance to common herbicides in many areas of Anhui Province. To preliminarily determine the resistance distribution and among Echinochloa spp. in paddy fields,we collected samples of 51 populations from the main rice areas in Anhui Province and screened their response to four herbicides in laboratory bioassays. The highest frequency of resistance (35%) was found with quinclorac followed by bispyribac-sodium,penoxsulam and metamifop at 21.7%,13.7% and 9.8%,respectively. Two populations (2016B2 and B24) were clearly resistant to the four herbicides,four populations (B6,B7,B9 and 2015B1) were resistant to three herbicides,five populations (B4,B11,B26,B27,2016B3) were resistant to two herbicides,eight populations were resistant to only one herbicide (six of which were only resistant to quinclorac). The remaining 32 populations were susceptible to the herbicides tested.

Key words:Echinochloa spp.;herbicide;quinclorac;resistance

水稻是我國的主要粮食作物之一,根据2020年国家统计局关于粮食产量的数据公告,2020年我国水稻播种面积是3 0036万hm2,占总播种面积的25.76%,仅次于玉米,排名全国第二,产量占全年总产量的31.64%,单位面积产量排名全国第一[1]。而安徽省是我国水稻主产区之一,其产量对全国水稻总产量尤为重要。

稗草(Echinochloa spp.)是水稻田的主要恶性杂草之一,由于其生长周期与水稻相似,因此它会在水稻生长过程中与其争夺水资源、阳光、肥料、氧气等,从而影响水稻的产量及品质,例如当稗草在稻田密度达到9株/m2时,水稻产量会下降56%左右[2],严重时甚至导致水稻绝产绝收。……

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