王立鹏 张晓林 孙鹏雷 朱宝林 刘伟堂 孙瑞红 王金信

摘要：山东省是全国桃主产区之一，栽培面积和产量都是全国第一。桃园杂草对桃树生长和桃品质有重要影响。为科学合理地管理桃园杂草，采用倒置“W”九点取样法对山东省主要桃产区的12个地级市24个县（市、区）的桃园杂草种类分布进行调查，并且分析了其物种多样性。结果表明，山东省桃园夏季杂草种类达21科64种，其中菊科最多，有17种，占26. 6%;其次是禾本科有8种，占12.5%;藜科、旋花科、十字花科、莎草科、苋科都有4种，占6.3%。山东省初冬杂草种类达20科54种，其中菊科最多，达22种，占40.7%;其次是十字花科6种，占11.1%;唇形科（3种），占5.6%;蔷薇科（3种），占5.6%。在多样性指数和香农-威纳指数方面，鲁中南桃区>鲁东桃区>鲁中桃区>鲁西北桃区;在辛普森指数方面，鲁东桃区>鲁中桃区>鲁中南桃区>鲁西北桃区;在均匀度方面，鲁中桃区>鲁西北桃区>鲁中南桃区>鲁东桃区。从相似度指数结果可以看出，鲁中和鲁中南桃区相似度最大，为0.644 1。

关键词：桃树;杂草;群落;物种多样性;优势度

中图分类号：S451.24+3  文献标志码：A  文章编号：1003-935X（2021）03-0035-09

Abstract：Shandong is one of the main peach-producing regions being first in cultivated area and yield in China. Weeds have an important influence on the growth of the peach tree and fruit quality. To provide basis for designing effective weed management strategies in peach orchards，this study determined the distribution and diversity of weed species in the main peach-producing regions of 24 counties belonging to 12 cities in Shandong Province surveying fields according to the inverted “W” nine-point sampling method. There were 64 species belonging to 21 families of summer weeds in the peach orchards of Shandong Province. There were 17 species of Compositae，accounting for 266% of the total，followed by 8 species in Gramineae （12.5%）;Four each in Chenopodiaceae，Convolvulaceae，Brassicaceae，Cyperaceae and Amaranthaceae （ 6.3% each）. In early winter，54 weed species belonging to 20 families were found. There were 22 species in Compositae （40.7%），followed by six species in Cruciferae （11%），and Labiatae and Rosaceae had 3 species （5.6%） each. According to the Shannon-Weiner index，weed diversity in peach areas ranked the middle south>east>middle>northwest of Shandong. Weed dominance based on the simpson index in east>middle>middle south>northwest of Shandong;whereas for uniformity the peach area in the middle>northwest>middle south>east of the Shandong Province. The similarity index indicates that the most similar peach-producing regions were the middle south and the middle of Shandong，with a similarity of 0.644 1.

Key words：peach tree;weed;community;species diversity;dominance degree

桃（Amygdalus persica L.）在我国具有悠久的种植历史，品种多，产量高，经济效益好，已成为近年来发展最快的水果之一[1]。桃有很高的经济价值，例如：截至目前，山东省泰安市肥城县桃产值6亿多元;据2019年报道，山东省日照市莒县桃农人均收入3.8万元[2-3]。桃含有丰富的营养价值并且肉质鲜美，被称为“天下第一果”[4]。近年来，桃的观赏价值也得以体现，在很多著名旅游景点已成为新亮点，例如：龙泉、林芝、平谷、常德、恭城、上海等地的“桃花节”[5]。……