王丽玮 段婧 东保柱 王莉花 周洪友 张笑宇

摘要：以燕科一号燕麦品种为试材，采用田间试验方式，选择3块试验地，对试验地的杂草进行调查，选用2甲·溴苯腈和苯磺隆2种除草剂，研究其混用后对燕麦的安全性及对杂草的防除效果。结果表明，武川毛黑沟燕麦试验田杂草主要有藜、卷茎蓼、苣荬菜等，藜是优势种群，密度为38株/m2;清水河王桂窑燕麦试验地的杂草种类主要有虎尾草、狗尾草及青蒿等，虎尾草是优势种群，密度为59株/m2;和林小林坝燕麦试验地的杂草种类主要有野稷、猪毛菜、狗尾草等，野稷和猪毛菜是优势种群，密度分别为48、62株/m2。2甲·溴苯腈和苯磺隆2种除草剂单用及混用对燕麦均安全，无药害，对燕麦产量和千粒重均无不良影响。各除草剂单用及混用处理对禾本科杂草无效。单独使用时2甲·溴苯腈对阔叶杂草的防效高于苯磺隆的防效;混用时，2甲·溴苯腈剂量选择750、1 050 mL/hm2、苯磺隆剂量为3.375～11.250 g/hm2时防效均较高，2甲·溴苯腈和苯磺隆剂量为750 mL/hm2+3.375 g/hm2时，防效高达97.5%。综上所述，燕麦田除草可使用2甲·溴苯腈 1 350～1 500 mL/hm2，或2甲·溴苯腈750 mL/hm2+3.375～11.250 g/hm2 苯磺隆混用，最佳混用剂量是 750 mL/hm2+3.375 g/hm2和750 mL/hm2+5.625 g/hm2。

关键词：燕麦;杂草;除草剂;2甲·溴苯腈;苯磺隆

中图分类号：S482.4  文献标志码：A  文章编号：1003-935X（2021）03-0074-09

Abstract：Taking Yanke No.1 as experimental materials，species and density of weeds were investigated and control effect were tested using herbicides of MCPA·bromoxynil combined with tribenuron-methyl in three experimental oat（Avena satiua L.） fields. Chenopodium album，Polygonum convolvulus and Sonchus brachyotus were main weeds in Maoheigou of Wuchuan County，and C. album was the dominant species with a density of 38 plants/m2. In Wangguiyao of Qingshuihe County，Chloris virgata Swartz.，Setaria viridis （L.） P. Beauv. and Artemisia carvifolia were the main weeds;C. virgata was the dominant species with a density of 59 plants/m2;Weeds in Xiaolinba of Helin County mainly included Panicum miliaceum L. var. ruderale，Salsola collina Pall.，and Setaria viridis （L.） P. Beauv.，the first two being dominant with densities of 48 plants/m2 and 62 plants/m2，respectively. The single and combined herbicides of MCPA·bromoxynil and tribenuron-methyl were selective and harmless to oats and did not affect its yield or 1 000 grain weight. The single and combined herbicides had no effect on Poaceae weeds. The efficacy of tribenuron-methyl was lower than that of MCPA·bromoxynil. Combining MCPA·bromoxynil at 750，1 050 mL/hm2 with tribenuron-methyl at 3.375～11.25 g/hm2 improved efficacy，reaching 97.5% when the dosage of MCPA·bromoxynil and tribenuron-methyl was 750 mL/hm2+3.375 g/hm2. MCPA·bromoxynil at 1 350～1 500 mL/hm2 or 750 mL/hm2 of MCPA·bromoxynil combined with 3.375～11.25 g/hm2 of tribenuron-methyl could be used for controlling weeds in oat fields. The best combined dosage was 750 mL/hm2+3.375 g/hm2，750 mL/hm2+5.625 g/hm2.

Key words：Avena satiua L.;weed;herbicide;MCPA·bromoxynil;tribenuron-methyl

燕麥（Auena satiua L.） 属一年生禾本科植物，是一种粮饲兼用作物，耐寒及耐贫瘠能力强，膳食纤维含量丰富，被用作保健食品[1-2]。2012年燕麦在全球的种植面积约1 200万hm2，总产量约 1 962.3万 t[3]。俄罗斯是全球燕麦最大的生产国，其播种面积约占全球总播种面积的17.2%，加拿大、美国、澳大利亚等国家的燕麦播种面积仅次于俄罗斯，我国目前的年播种面积约66.67万 hm2[4]，主要集中在较冷凉的地区，如内蒙古、山西、河北等[5]。……