金海波 薛光 沈正高 郦春燕 王秀云 林黎虹

摘要：马唐属（Digitaria）杂草有100种以上，其中马唐[D. sanguinalis （L.）]为世界性杂草，起源于欧洲，传至56个国家和地区，危害33种作物，被列为世界76种恶性杂草的第11位，也被列为我国17种农田重要杂草的第2位。随着草业科学的发展，全国有85%以上高尔夫球场高肥水管理的草坪受马唐属杂草的危害，并逐年加重。基于对1936年以来世界范围内马唐属杂草相关种的植物学、生态学及繁殖特性专业文献，分析多种马唐属杂草在草地生态利用的可能性，最终确定有10种马唐属杂草可在草地生态中利用，并将其分为牧草饲料资源、生态草坪资源和绿地植被资源3组。其中，第1组包括俯仰马唐（D. decumbens）、毛马唐（D. ciliaris）和梯马唐（D. scalarum）;第2组包括紫马唐（D. violascens）、长花马唐（D. longiflora）、马唐（D. sanguinalis）和止血马唐（D. ischaemum）;第3组包括升马唐（D. adscendens）、海南马唐（D. setigera）和红尾翎（D. radicosa）。此外，还提出适合被利用马唐属杂草的环境要求。

关键词：马唐属杂草;草地生态;利用;牧草饲料;生态草坪;绿地植被

中图分类号：S451  文献标志码：A  文章编号：1003-935X（2021）03-0001-07

Agricultural Sciences，Nanjing 210014，China;3.Jiangsu iGreen Golf Course Turf Maintenance Itc.，Suzhou 215028，China;

4.Nanjing Pure Green Turf Maintenance Centre，Nanjing 210034，China; 5.Nanjing Zhongshan International Golf Course，

Nanjing 210042，China; 6.Qizhong Golf Country Club，Shanghai 201111，China）

Abstract：More than one hundred species of Digitaria are recognized as weeds，among them，Digitaria sanguinalis （L.） is a native of Europe and has extended as a troublesome weed in 33 crops in 56 countries and regions. It was ranked by Holm et al. （1977） as the 11th “most serious” weed among the 76 worlds worst weeds. It is also ranked the 2nd most noxious weed of the 17 “important” weed species in Chinese farmland. For development of pratacultural science，more than 85% of the golf turf area in China was damaged by Digitaria with increasing seriousness annually due to abundant fertilizer and irrigation practices. Based on the references related to Digitaria since 1936，the possibility of using varieties of Digitaria in grassland ecology from around the world was analyzed. The analysis included characteristics of Digitaria species related to botany，biology and reproduction. The ten species selected were divided into three usage groups：forage grass and hay，ecological lawn and green vegetation. Varieties selected for the 1st group included D. decumbens，D. ciliaris and D. scalarum;The 2nd group varieties included D. violascens，D. longiflora，D. sanguinalis and D. ischaemum;The 3rd group varieties included D. adscendens，D. setigera and D. radicosa. The environmental requirement of utilized Digitaria was also proposed.

Key words：Digitaria weed;lea ecology;utilization;forage and hay;ecological lawn;green vegetation

马唐属（Digitaria）杂草有100种以上，其中马唐[D. sanguinalis （L.）]为世界性杂草，起源于欧洲，传至56个国家和地区，危害33种作物，被列为76种世界恶性杂草的第11位[1]。1980年Ernst等阐明了41个国家和地区有26种马唐属杂草[2]，美国、欧洲分别有10、9种，其中有3种在美国被列为作物[3-4]。1989年Moody等报道亚洲有31种马唐属杂草[5-7]。唐洪元考察了中国28个省（市、区），发现了6种马唐属杂草，其中马唐位于17种农田重要杂草第2位[8]，引起中国杂草界对以马唐为主的马唐属杂草危害的关注[9-14]。他系统做过马唐等40多种杂草生物学特性及防除研究[15-16]，先后获原农业部和上海市科技进步一等奖及国家科技进步二等奖。……